旧约约伯记 12:1–14:22
前情提要
上回说到
昨天(8–11 章):比勒达说神不会偏离公平,暗示约伯的儿女因罪受罚;约伯承认神的大能,却渴望有一位听讼的人在他和神中间;琐法则斥责约伯多嘴,要他除掉罪孽。
今天你会读到
约伯回应三个朋友:他们的道理他也知道,神的作为却远超过他们简单的公式(12 章);他斥责朋友“为 神说不义的话”,决心直接向神陈明自己的案件(13 章);最后感叹人生短暂如花如影,问人死了能不能再活(14 章)。
阅读小提示
留意 –14:树被砍下还能发芽,人死了却像水干涸;约伯问:“人若死了岂能再活呢?”约伯记没有完整回答这个问题,新约在耶稣的复活里给了回答。
点时代可看说明
传统认为约伯的故事背景接近族长时代。4–14 章是约伯和三个朋友的第一轮辩论。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
约伯记 第 12 章
你们所说的,谁不知道
1约伯回答说:Then Job answered:
2你们真是子民哪,你们死亡,智慧也就灭没了。“Truly then you are the people with whom wisdom itself will die!
3但我也有聪明,与你们一样,并非不及你们。你们所说的,谁不知道呢?But I also have a mind; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?
4我这求告 神、蒙他应允的人竟成了朋友所讥笑的;公义完全人竟受了人的讥笑。I am a laughingstock to my friends, though I called on God, and He answered. The righteous and upright man is a laughingstock.
5安逸的人心里藐视灾祸;这灾祸常常等待。The one at ease scorns misfortune as the fate of those whose feet are slipping.
6强盗的帐棚兴旺,惹 神的人稳固, 神多将财物送到他们手中。The tents of robbers are safe, and those who provoke God are secure—those who carry their god in their hands.
走兽飞鸟都知道是神做成的
7你且问走兽,走兽必指教你;又问空中的飞鸟,飞鸟必告诉你;But ask the animals, and they will instruct you; ask the birds of the air, and they will tell you.
8或与地说话,地必指教你;海中的鱼也必向你说明。Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you; let the fish of the sea inform you.
9看这一切,谁不知道是耶和华的手做成的呢?Which of all these does not know that the hand of the LORD has done this?
10凡活物的生命和人类的气息都在他手中。The life of every living thing is in His hand, as well as the breath of all mankind.
11耳朵岂不试验言语,正如尝食物吗?Does not the ear test words as the tongue tastes its food?
12年老的有智慧;寿高的有知识。Wisdom is found with the elderly, and understanding comes with long life.
智慧和能力都在神
13在 神有智慧和能力;他有谋略和知识。Wisdom and strength belong to God; counsel and understanding are His.
14他拆毁的,就不能再建造;他捆住人,便不得开释。What He tears down cannot be rebuilt; the man He imprisons cannot be released.
15他把水留住,水便枯干;他再发出水来,水就翻地。If He holds back the waters, they dry up, and if He releases them, they overwhelm the land.
16在他有能力和智慧,被诱惑的与诱惑人的都是属他。True wisdom and power belong to Him. The deceived and the deceiver are His.
17他把谋士,又使审判官变成愚人。He leads counselors away barefoot and makes fools of judges.
18他放松君王的绑,又用带子捆他们的腰。He loosens the bonds placed by kings and fastens a belt around their waists.
19他把祭司剥衣掳去,又使有能的人倾败。He leads priests away barefoot and overthrows the established.
20他废去忠信人的讲论,又夺去老人的聪明。He deprives the trusted of speech and takes away the discernment of elders.
21他使君王蒙羞被辱,放松有力之人的腰带。He pours out contempt on nobles and disarms the mighty.
22他将深奥的事从黑暗中彰显,使死荫显为光明。He reveals the deep things of darkness and brings deep shadows into light.
23他使邦国兴旺而又毁灭;他使邦国开广而又掳去。He makes nations great and destroys them; He enlarges nations, then disperses them.
24他将地上民中首领的聪明夺去,使他们在荒废无路之地漂流;He deprives the earth’s leaders of reason and makes them wander in a trackless wasteland.
25他们无光,在黑暗中摸索,又使他们东倒西歪,像醉酒的人一样。They grope in the darkness without light; He makes them stagger like drunkards.
约伯记 第 13 章
我愿与神理论
1这一切,我眼都见过;我耳都听过,而且明白。“Indeed, my eyes have seen all this; my ears have heard and understood.
2你们所知道的,我也知道,并非不及你们。What you know, I also know; I am not inferior to you.
3我真要对全能者说话;我愿与 神理论。Yet I desire to speak to the Almighty and argue my case before God.
你们都是无用的医生
4你们是编造谎言的,都是。You, however, smear with lies; you are all worthless physicians.
5惟愿你们全然不作声;这就算为你们的智慧!If only you would remain silent; for that would be your wisdom!
6请你们听我的辩论,留心听我口中的分诉。Hear now my argument, and listen to the plea of my lips.
7你们要为 神说不义的话吗?为他说诡诈的言语吗?Will you speak wickedly on God’s behalf or speak deceitfully for Him?
8你们要为 神吗?要为他争论吗?Would you show Him partiality or argue in His defense?
9他查出你们来,这岂是好吗?人欺哄人,你们也要照样欺哄他吗?Would it be well when He examined you? Could you deceive Him as you would deceive a man?
10你们若暗中徇情,他必要责备你们。Surely He would rebuke you if you secretly showed partiality.
11他的尊荣岂不叫你们惧怕吗?他的惊吓岂不临到你们吗?Would His majesty not terrify you? Would the dread of Him not fall upon you?
12你们以为可记念的箴言是;你们以为可靠的坚垒是淤泥的坚垒。Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are defenses of clay.
我要在神面前辩明
13你们不要作声,任凭我吧!让我说话,无论如何我都承当。Be silent, and I will speak. Then let come to me what may.
14我何必,将我的命放在手中。Why do I put myself at risk and take my life in my own hands?
15;我虽无指望,然而我在他面前还要辩明我所行的。Though He slay me, I will hope in Him. I will still defend my ways to His face.
16这要成为我的拯救,因为不虔诚的人不得到他面前。Moreover, this will be my salvation, for no godless man can appear before Him.
17你们要细听我的言语,使我所辩论的入你们的耳中。Listen carefully to my words; let my declaration ring in your ears.
18我已陈明我的案,知道自己有义。See now, I have prepared my case; I know that I will be vindicated.
19有谁与我争论,我就情愿缄默不言,气绝而亡。Can anyone indict me? If so, I will be silent and die.
求你叫我知道我的过犯
20惟有两件不要向我施行,我就不躲开你的面:Only grant these two things to me, so that I need not hide from You:
21就是把你的手缩回,远离我身;又不使你的惊惶威吓我。Withdraw Your hand from me, and do not let Your terror frighten me.
22这样,你呼叫,我就回答;或是让我说话,你回答我。Then call me, and I will answer, or let me speak, and You can reply.
23我的罪孽和罪过有多少呢?求你叫我知道我的过犯与罪愆。How many are my iniquities and sins? Reveal to me my transgression and sin.
24你为何掩面、拿我当仇敌呢?Why do You hide Your face and consider me as Your enemy?
25你要惊动被风吹的叶子吗?要追赶枯干的吗?Would You frighten a windblown leaf? Would You chase after dry chaff?
26你按罪状刑罚我,又使我担当幼年的罪孽;For You record bitter accusations against me and bequeath to me the iniquities of my youth.
27也把我的脚上了,并窥察我一切的道路,为我的脚掌划定界限。You put my feet in the stocks and stand watch over all my paths; You set a limit for the soles of my feet.
28我已经像灭绝的烂物,像虫蛀的衣裳。So man wastes away like something rotten, like a moth-eaten garment.
约伯记 第 14 章
人生短少,多有患难
1人为,日子短少,多有患难;“Man, who is born of woman, is short of days and full of trouble.
2出来如花,又被割下,飞去如影,不能存留。Like a flower, he comes forth, then withers away; like a fleeting shadow, he does not endure.
3这样的人你岂睁眼看他吗?又叫我来受审吗?Do You open Your eyes to one like this? Will You bring him into judgment before You?
4谁能使洁净之物出于污秽之中呢?无论谁也不能!Who can bring out clean from unclean? No one!
5人的日子既然限定,他的月数在你那里,你也派定他的界限,使他不能越过,Since his days are determined and the number of his months is with You, and since You have set limits that he cannot exceed,
6便求你转眼不看他,使他得歇息,直等他像完毕他的日子。look away from him and let him rest, so he can enjoy his day as a hired hand.
树有指望,人呢
7树若被砍下,还可指望发芽,嫩枝生长不息;For there is hope for a tree: If it is cut down, it will sprout again, and its tender shoots will not fail.
8其根虽然衰老在地里,干也死在土中,If its roots grow old in the ground and its stump dies in the soil,
9及至得了水气,还要发芽,又长枝条,像新栽的树一样。at the scent of water it will bud and put forth twigs like a sapling.
10但人死亡而消灭;他气绝,竟在何处呢?But a man dies and is laid low; he breathes his last, and where is he?
11海中的水绝尽,江河消散干涸。As water disappears from the sea and a river becomes parched and dry,
12人也是如此,躺下不再起来,等到天没有了,仍不得复醒,也不得从睡中唤醒。so a man lies down and does not rise. Until the heavens are no more, he will not be awakened or roused from sleep.
愿你把我藏在阴间
13惟愿你把我藏在阴间,存于隐密处,等你的忿怒过去;愿你为我定了日期,记念我。If only You would hide me in Sheol and conceal me until Your anger has passed! If only You would appoint a time for me and then remember me!
14人若死了岂能再活呢?我只要在我一切争战的日子,等我(或译:改变)的时候来到。When a man dies, will he live again? All the days of my hard service I will wait, until my renewal comes.
15你呼叫,我便回答;你手所做的,你必羡慕。You will call, and I will answer; You will desire the work of Your hands.
16但如今你数点我的脚步,岂不窥察我的罪过吗?For then You would count my steps, but would not keep track of my sin.
17我的过犯被你,也缝严了我的罪孽。My transgression would be sealed in a bag, and You would cover over my iniquity.
你灭绝人的指望
18山崩变为无有;磐石挪开原处。But as a mountain erodes and crumbles and a rock is dislodged from its place,
19水流消磨石头,所流溢的洗去地上的尘土;你也照样灭绝人的指望。as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.
20你攻击人常常得胜,使他去世;你改变他的容貌,叫他往而不回。You forever overpower him, and he passes on; You change his countenance and send him away.
21他儿子得尊荣,他也不知道,降为卑,他也不觉得。If his sons receive honor, he does not know it; if they are brought low, he is unaware.
22但知身上疼痛,心中悲哀。He feels only the pain of his own body and mourns only for himself.”
摘要
约伯回应朋友的指责,宣告神拥有至高的智慧与权能,万物的生死兴衰皆在祂手中——祂能拆毁邦国、使君王蒙羞、将深奥之事从黑暗中彰显。约伯斥责朋友为“无用的医生”,宁愿直接向神陈明自己的案件,即使神要杀他,仍要在神面前辩白。最后约伯哀叹人生短暂如花凋谢、如影飞去,人死后不像树木能重新发芽,他在痛苦中渴望神记念他、为他定下被释放的日期。
反思问题
- 约伯在极大痛苦中仍坚持向神申诉而非放弃信仰,当你遭遇不明白的苦难时,你会选择向神倾诉还是远离祂?
- 约伯指出朋友们“为神说不义的话”,提醒我们不应用错误的神学去论断受苦的人。你是否曾在安慰他人时,反而带来更多伤害?
- 约伯感叹人生短暂却仍渴望神的记念与拯救,这对你如何看待生命的有限与永恒的盼望有什么启发?
新约使徒行传 25:1–27
前情提要
上回说到
昨天(24 章):大祭司带辩士帖土罗在巡抚腓力斯面前控告保罗,保罗逐点答辩;腓力斯借故拖延,听保罗讲到公义、节制和将来的审判时害怕起来,又盼望保罗送钱,把他关了两年。
今天你会读到
新巡抚非斯都上任,犹太首领求他把保罗提到耶路撒冷,想在路上埋伏杀他。在凯撒利亚的审讯中,非斯都想讨犹太人的喜欢,保罗便“上告于凯撒”。不久亚基帕王和百妮基来访,非斯都把案情告诉他们,第二天把保罗带到公厅。
阅读小提示
留意 非斯都对案情的描述:“又为一个人名叫耶稣,是已经死了,保罗却说他是活着的”。在这位外邦官员看来,整件事的关键就在耶稣死了又活了。
点时代可看说明
约主后 59 年。罗马公民可以要求把案子交给皇帝亲自审理,当时的皇帝是尼禄。
使徒行传 第 25 章
犹太首领又想埋伏杀保罗
1非斯都到了任,过了三天,就从凯撒利亚上耶路撒冷去。Three days after his arrival in the province, Festus went up from Caesarea to Jerusalem,
2祭司长和犹太人的首领向他控告保罗,where the chief priests and Jewish leaders presented their case against Paul. They urged Festus
3又央告他,,将保罗提到耶路撒冷来,他们要在路上埋伏杀害他。to grant them a concession against Paul by summoning him to Jerusalem, because they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way.
4非斯都却回答说:“保罗押在凯撒利亚,我自己快要往那里去”;But Festus replied, “Paul is being held in Caesarea, and I myself am going there soon.
5又说:“你们中间有权势的人与我一同下去,那人若有什么不是,就可以告他。”So if this man has done anything wrong, let some of your leaders come down with me and accuse him there.”
在非斯都面前受审
6非斯都在他们那里住了不过十天八天,就下凯撒利亚去;第二天坐堂,吩咐将保罗提上来。After spending no more than eight or ten days with them, Festus went down to Caesarea. The next day he sat on the judgment seat and ordered that Paul be brought in.
7保罗来了,那些从耶路撒冷下来的犹太人周围站着,将许多重大的事控告他,都是不能证实的。When Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges that they could not prove.
8保罗分诉说:“无论犹太人的律法,或是圣殿,或是凯撒,我都没有干犯。”Then Paul made his defense: “I have committed no offense against the law of the Jews or against the temple or against Caesar.”
9但非斯都要,就问保罗说:“你愿意上耶路撒冷去,在那里听我审断这事吗?”But Festus, wishing to do the Jews a favor, said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem to stand trial before me on these charges?”
保罗上告于凯撒
10保罗说:“我站在凯撒的堂前,这就是我应当受审的地方。我向犹太人并没有行过什么不义的事,这也是你明明知道的。Paul replied, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where I ought to be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you yourself know very well.
11我若行了不义的事,犯了什么该死的罪,就是死,我也。他们所告我的事若都不实,就没有人可以把我交给他们。我要。”If, however, I am guilty of anything worthy of death, I do not refuse to die. But if there is no truth to their accusations against me, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”
12非斯都和议会商量了,就说:“你既上告于凯撒,可以往凯撒那里去。”Then Festus conferred with his council and replied, “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!”
亚基帕王和百妮基来访
13过了些日子,和氏来到凯撒利亚,问非斯都安。After several days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice came down to Caesarea to pay their respects to Festus.
非斯都向王说明案情
14在那里住了多日,非斯都将保罗的事告诉王,说:“这里有一个人,是腓力斯留在监里的。Since they were staying several days, Festus laid out Paul’s case before the king: “There is a certain man whom Felix left in prison.
15我在耶路撒冷的时候,祭司长和犹太的长老将他的事禀报了我,求我定他的罪。While I was in Jerusalem, the chief priests and elders of the Jews presented their case and requested a judgment against him.
16我对他们说,无论什么人,被告还没有和原告,未得机会分诉所告他的事,就先定他的罪,这不是罗马人的条例。I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand a man over before he has had an opportunity to face his accusers and defend himself against their charges.
17及至他们都来到这里,我就不耽延,第二天便坐堂,吩咐把那人提上来。So when they came here with me, I did not delay. The next day I sat on the judgment seat and ordered that the man be brought in.
18告他的人站着告他;所告的,并没有我所的那等恶事。But when his accusers rose to speak, they did not charge him with any of the crimes I had expected.
19不过是有几样辩论,为他们自己的事,又为一个人名叫耶稣,是已经死了,保罗却说他是活着的。They only had some contentions with him regarding their own religion and a certain Jesus who had died, but whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20这些事当怎样究问,我心里,所以问他说:‘你愿意上耶路撒冷去,在那里为这些事听审吗?’Since I was at a loss as to how to investigate these matters, I asked if he was willing to go to Jerusalem and be tried there on these charges.
21但保罗求我留下他,要听审断,我就吩咐把他留下,等我解他到凯撒那里去。”But when Paul appealed to be held over for the decision of the Emperor, I ordered that he be held until I could send him to Caesar.”
22亚基帕对非斯都说:“我自己也愿听这人辩论。”非斯都说:“明天你可以听。”Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear this man myself.” “Tomorrow you will hear him,” Festus declared.
保罗被带到公厅
23第二天,亚基帕和百妮基而来,同着众千夫长和城里的尊贵人进了。非斯都吩咐一声,就有人将保罗带进来。The next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp and entered the auditorium, along with the commanders and leading men of the city. And Festus ordered that Paul be brought in.
24非斯都说:“亚基帕王和在这里的诸位啊,你们看这人,就是一切犹太人,在耶路撒冷和这里,曾向我恳求、呼叫说:‘不可容他再活着。’Then Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man. The whole Jewish community has petitioned me about him, both here and in Jerusalem, crying out that he ought not to live any longer.
25但我查明他没有犯什么该死的罪,并且他自己上告于皇帝,所以我定意把他解去。But I found he had done nothing worthy of death, and since he has now appealed to the Emperor, I decided to send him.
26论到这人,我没有确实的事可以。因此,我带他到你们面前,也特意带他到你亚基帕王面前,为要在查问之后有所陈奏。I have nothing definite to write to our sovereign about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after this inquiry I may have something to write.
27据我看来,解送囚犯,不指明他的罪案是不合理的。”For it seems unreasonable to me to send on a prisoner without specifying the charges against him.”
摘要
新任巡抚非斯都到任后,犹太领袖立刻控告保罗并密谋杀害他,但非斯都坚持按罗马法律程序审理。保罗在堂前分诉自己无罪,为避免被交给犹太人,行使罗马公民权上告于凯撒。非斯都随后向来访的亚基帕王说明案情,坦承保罗并未犯该死的罪,争议核心不过是关于一位名叫耶稣的人是死是活的问题,他需要亚基帕协助查明罪案以便向皇帝陈奏。
反思问题
- 保罗在不公的处境中善用合法权利为自己辩护,而非消极忍受。当你面对不公义的对待时,如何在信靠神与采取合理行动之间取得平衡?
- 非斯都承认保罗无罪却因政治考量犹豫不决,你是否曾因外在压力而在做正确的事上妥协?
- 整个审判的核心归结为“耶稣是死是活”这一问题。耶稣的复活对你个人的信仰根基和日常生活有什么实际意义?