旧约士师记 1:1–3:6
书卷介绍:士师记历史书
百姓离弃神就陷入困境,但神一再兴起士师拯救呼求祂的人。
约书亚死后,以色列人没有赶出迦南人,反而跟着拜他们的神。书中不断出现一个循环:百姓犯罪,神让外族欺压他们,百姓呼求,神就兴起“士师”拯救他们,但不久百姓又再犯罪。著名的士师有底波拉、基甸和参孙。书的最后描写那时“没有王,各人任意而行”的混乱景况。
前情提要
上回说到
昨天(书 23–24 章):年老的约书亚召集以色列人,提醒他们不可与剩下的列国通婚、拜他们的神;又在示剑与百姓重新立约,说:“至于我和我家,我们必定事奉耶和华。”百姓也答应事奉耶和华。约书亚一百一十岁死了,约瑟的骸骨也葬在示剑。
今天你会读到
士师记开始。约书亚死后,各支派继续攻取迦南,第 1 章却一再出现“没有赶出”;第 2 章耶和华的使者在波金责备百姓背约,接着总览整个士师时代的循环:百姓去拜巴力,神把他们交给仇敌,又兴起士师拯救,士师一死他们又转去行恶; 说明神留下列族来试验以色列。
阅读小提示
留意 “后来有别的世代兴起,不知道耶和华”:信仰没有传给下一代,是整卷士师记一切混乱的起点。
点时代可看说明
士师时代介于约书亚死后到扫罗作王之间,传统推算约主前 1400–1050 年,也有学者认为约在主前 1200–1050 年。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
士师记 第 1 章
犹大和西缅先上去攻击迦南人
1约书亚死后,以色列人求问耶和华说:“我们中间谁当首先上去攻击迦南人,与他们争战?”After the death of Joshua, the Israelites inquired of the LORD, “Who will be the first to go up and fight for us against the Canaanites?”
2耶和华说:“犹大当先上去,我已将那地交在他手中。”“Judah shall go up,” answered the LORD. “Indeed, I have delivered the land into their hands.”
3犹大对他哥哥西缅说:“请你同我到所得之地去,好与迦南人争战;以后我也同你到你拈阄所得之地去。”于是西缅与他同去。Then the men of Judah said to their brothers the Simeonites, “Come up with us to our allotted territory, and let us fight against the Canaanites. And we likewise will go with you to your territory.” So the Simeonites went with them.
4犹大就上去;耶和华将迦南人和比利洗人交在他们手中。他们在比色击杀了一万人,When Judah attacked, the LORD delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into their hands, and they struck down ten thousand men at Bezek.
5又在那里遇见,与他争战,杀败迦南人和比利洗人。And there they found Adoni-bezek and fought against him, striking down the Canaanites and Perizzites.
6亚多尼·比色逃跑;他们追赶,拿住他,砍断他手脚的大拇指。As Adoni-bezek fled, they pursued him, seized him, and cut off his thumbs and big toes.
7亚多尼·比色说:“从前有七十个王,手脚的大拇指都被我砍断,在我桌子底下拾取零碎食物。现在 神按着我所行的报应我了。”于是他们将亚多尼·比色带到耶路撒冷,他就死在那里。Then Adoni-bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off have gathered the scraps under my table. As I have done to them, so God has repaid me.” And they brought him to Jerusalem, where he died.
8犹大人攻打耶路撒冷,将城攻取,用刀杀了城内的人,并且放火烧城。Then the men of Judah fought against Jerusalem and captured it. They put the city to the sword and set it on fire.
9后来犹大人下去,与住山地、南地,和高原的迦南人争战。Afterward, the men of Judah marched down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country, in the Negev, and in the foothills.
10犹大人去攻击住希伯仑的迦南人,杀了示筛、亚希幔、挞买。希伯仑从前名叫基列·亚巴。Judah also marched against the Canaanites who were living in Hebron (formerly known as Kiriath-arba), and they struck down Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
俄陀聂夺取底壁
11他们从那里去攻击底壁的居民;底壁从前名叫基列·西弗。From there they marched against the inhabitants of Debir (formerly known as Kiriath-sepher).
12迦勒说:“谁能攻打基列·西弗,将城夺取,我就把我女儿押撒给他为妻。”And Caleb said, “To the man who strikes down Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will give my daughter Acsah in marriage.”
13迦勒兄弟基纳斯的儿子俄陀聂夺取了那城,迦勒就把女儿押撒给他为妻。So Othniel son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz captured the city, and Caleb gave his daughter Acsah to him in marriage.
14押撒的时候,劝丈夫向她父亲求一块田。押撒一下驴,迦勒问她说:“你要什么?”One day Acsah came to Othniel and urged him to ask her father for a field. When she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, “What do you desire?”
15她说:“求你赐福给我,你既将我安置在南地,求你也给我水泉。”迦勒就把上泉下泉赐给她。“Give me a blessing,” she answered. “Since you have given me land in the Negev, give me springs of water as well.” So Caleb gave her both the upper and lower springs.
基尼人同住,犹大继续攻城
16摩西的内兄(或译:岳父)是,他的子孙与犹大人一同离了棕树城,往亚拉得以南的犹大旷野去,就住在民中。Now the descendants of Moses’ father-in-law, the Kenite, went up with the men of Judah from the City of Palms to the Wilderness of Judah in the Negev near Arad. They went to live among the people.
17犹大和他哥哥西缅同去,击杀了住洗法的迦南人,将城尽行毁灭,那城的名便叫何珥玛。Then the men of Judah went with their brothers the Simeonites, attacked the Canaanites living in Zephath, and devoted the city to destruction. So it was called Hormah.
18犹大又取了迦萨和迦萨的四境,亚实基伦和亚实基伦的四境,以革伦和以革伦的四境。And Judah also captured Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron—each with its territory.
赶不出平原的居民和耶布斯人
19耶和华与犹大同在,犹大就赶出山地的居民,只是不能赶出平原的居民,因为他们有铁车。The LORD was with Judah, and they took possession of the hill country; but they could not drive out the inhabitants of the plains because they had chariots of iron.
20以色列人照摩西所说的,将希伯仑给了迦勒;迦勒就从那里赶出亚衲族的三个族长。Just as Moses had promised, Judah gave Hebron to Caleb, who drove out the descendants of the three sons of Anak.
21便雅悯人没有赶出住耶路撒冷的。耶布斯人仍在耶路撒冷与便雅悯人同住,直到今日。The Benjamites, however, failed to drive out the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. So to this day the Jebusites live there among the Benjamites.
约瑟家攻取伯特利
22约瑟家也上去攻打伯特利;耶和华与他们同在。The house of Joseph also attacked Bethel, and the LORD was with them.
23约瑟家打发人去窥探伯特利(那城起先名叫路斯)。They sent spies to Bethel (formerly known as Luz),
24窥探的人看见一个人从城里出来,就对他说:“求你将进城的路指示我们,我们必恩待你。”and when the spies saw a man coming out of the city, they said to him, “Please show us how to get into the city, and we will treat you kindly.”
25那人将进城的路指示他们,他们就用刀击杀了城中的居民,但将那人和他全家放去。So the man showed them the entrance to the city, and they put the city to the sword but released that man and all his family.
26那人往赫人之地去,筑了一座城,起名叫路斯。那城到如今还叫这名。And the man went to the land of the Hittites, built a city, and called it Luz, which is its name to this day.
各支派没有赶出迦南人
27玛拿西没有赶出伯·善和属伯·善乡村的居民,他纳和属他纳乡村的居民,多珥和属多珥乡村的居民,以伯莲和属以伯莲乡村的居民,米吉多和属米吉多乡村的居民;迦南人却住在那些地方。At that time Manasseh failed to drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean, Taanach, Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo, and their villages; for the Canaanites were determined to dwell in that land.
28及至以色列强盛了,就使迦南人,没有把他们全然赶出。When Israel became stronger, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor, but they never drove them out completely.
29以法莲没有赶出住基色的迦南人。于是迦南人仍住在基色,在以法莲中间。Ephraim also failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so the Canaanites continued to dwell among them in Gezer.
30西布伦没有赶出基伦的居民和拿哈拉的居民。于是迦南人仍住在西布伦中间,成了服苦的人。Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.
31亚设没有赶出亚柯和西顿的居民,亚黑拉和亚革悉的居民,黑巴、亚弗革与利合的居民。Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.
32于是,亚设因为没有赶出那地的迦南人,就住在他们中间。So the Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, because they did not drive them out.
33拿弗他利没有赶出伯·示麦和伯·亚纳的居民,于是拿弗他利就住在那地的迦南人中间;然而伯·示麦和伯·亚纳的居民成了服苦的人。Naphtali failed to drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath. So the Naphtalites also lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, but the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath served them as forced laborers.
34亚摩利人强逼但人住在山地,不容他们下到平原;The Amorites forced the Danites into the hill country and did not allow them to come down into the plain.
35亚摩利人却执意住在希烈山和亚雅仑并沙宾。然而约瑟家胜了他们,使他们成了服苦的人。And the Amorites were determined to dwell in Mount Heres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim. But when the house of Joseph grew in strength, they pressed the Amorites into forced labor.
36亚摩利人的境界,是从亚克拉滨坡,从西拉而上。And the border of the Amorites extended from the Ascent of Akrabbim to Sela and beyond.
士师记 第 2 章
耶和华的使者在波金责备百姓
1耶和华的使者从吉甲上到,对以色列人说:“我使你们从埃及上来,领你们到我向你们列祖起誓应许之地。我又说:‘我永不废弃与你们所立的约。Now the angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said, “I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land that I had promised to your fathers, and I said, ‘I will never break My covenant with you,
2你们也不可与这地的居民立约,要拆毁他们的祭坛。你们竟没有听从我的话!为何这样行呢?’and you are not to make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall tear down their altars.’ Yet you have not obeyed My voice. What is this you have done?
3因此我又说:‘我必不将他们从你们面前赶出;他们必作你们。他们的 神必作你们的。’”So now I tell you that I will not drive out these people before you; they will be thorns in your sides, and their gods will be a snare to you.”
4耶和华的使者向以色列众人说这话的时候,百姓就放声而哭;When the angel of the LORD had spoken these words to all the Israelites, the people lifted up their voices and wept.
5于是给那地方起名叫波金(就是哭的意思)。众人在那里向耶和华献祭。So they called that place Bochim and offered sacrifices there to the LORD.
新的世代不知道耶和华
6从前约书亚打发以色列百姓去的时候,他们各归自己的地业,占据地土。After Joshua had dismissed the people, the Israelites went out to take possession of the land, each to his own inheritance.
7约书亚在世和约书亚死后,那些见耶和华为以色列人所行大事的长老还在的时候,百姓都事奉耶和华。And the people served the LORD throughout the days of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him, who had seen all the great works that the LORD had done for Israel.
8耶和华的仆人、嫩的儿子约书亚,正一百一十岁就死了。And Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died at the age of 110.
9以色列人将他葬在他地业的境内,就是在以法莲山地的亭拿·希烈,在迦实山的北边。They buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath-heres in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.
10那世代的人也都归了自己的列祖。后来有别的世代兴起,不知道耶和华,也不知道耶和华为以色列人所行的事。After that whole generation had also been gathered to their fathers, another generation rose up who did not know the LORD or the works that He had done for Israel.
背道、受欺压、蒙拯救的循环
11以色列人行耶和华眼中看为恶的事,去事奉诸,And the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Baals.
12离弃了领他们出埃及地的耶和华—他们列祖的 神,去叩拜别神,就是四围列国的神,惹耶和华发怒;Thus they forsook the LORD, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt, and they followed after various gods of the peoples around them. They bowed down to them and provoked the LORD to anger,
13并离弃耶和华,去事奉巴力和。for they forsook Him and served Baal and the Ashtoreths.
14耶和华的怒气向以色列人发作,就把他们交在抢夺他们的人手中,又将他们付与四围仇敌的手中,甚至他们在仇敌面前再不能站立得住。Then the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them into the hands of those who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist.
15他们无论往何处去,耶和华都以灾祸攻击他们,正如耶和华所说的话,又如耶和华向他们所起的誓;他们便极其困苦。Wherever Israel marched out, the hand of the LORD was against them to bring calamity, just as He had sworn to them. So they were greatly distressed.
16耶和华兴起,士师就拯救他们脱离抢夺他们人的手。Then the LORD raised up judges, who saved them from the hands of those who plundered them.
17他们却不听从士师,竟随从叩拜别神,行了邪淫,速速地偏离他们列祖所行的道,不如他们列祖顺从耶和华的命令。Israel, however, did not listen to their judges. Instead, they prostituted themselves with other gods and bowed down to them. They quickly turned from the way of their fathers, who had walked in obedience to the LORD’s commandments; they did not do as their fathers had done.
18耶和华为他们兴起士师,就与那士师同在。士师在世的一切日子,耶和华拯救他们脱离仇敌的手。他们因受欺压扰害,就,所以耶和华了。Whenever the LORD raised up a judge for the Israelites, He was with that judge and saved them from the hands of their enemies while the judge was still alive; for the LORD was moved to pity by their groaning under those who oppressed them and afflicted them.
19及至士师死后,他们就转去行恶,比他们列祖更甚,去事奉叩拜别神,总不断绝的恶行。But when the judge died, the Israelites became even more corrupt than their fathers, going after other gods to serve them and bow down to them. They would not give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.
神留下列族试验以色列
20于是耶和华的怒气向以色列人发作。他说:“因这民违背我吩咐他们列祖所守的约,不听从我的话,So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He said, “Because this nation has transgressed the covenant I laid down for their fathers and has not heeded My voice,
21所以约书亚死的时候所剩下的各族,我必不再从他们面前赶出,I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died.
22为要借此试验以色列人,看他们肯照他们列祖谨守遵行我的道不肯。”In this way I will test whether Israel will keep the way of the LORD by walking in it as their fathers did.”
23这样耶和华留下各族,不将他们速速赶出,也没有交付约书亚的手。That is why the LORD had left those nations in place and had not driven them out immediately by delivering them into the hand of Joshua.
士师记 第 3 章
1耶和华留下这几族,为要试验那不曾知道与迦南争战之事的以色列人,These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan,
2好叫以色列的后代又知道又学习未曾晓得的战事。if only to teach warfare to the subsequent generations of Israel, especially to those who had not known it formerly:
3所留下的就是非利士的五个首领和一切迦南人、西顿人,并住黎巴嫩山的希未人,从巴力·黑们山直到哈马口。the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
4留下这几族,为要试验以色列人,知道他们肯听从耶和华借摩西吩咐他们列祖的诫命不肯。These nations were left to test the Israelites, to find out whether they would keep the commandments of the LORD, which He had given their fathers through Moses.
与迦南人通婚、事奉他们的神
5以色列人竟住在迦南人、赫人、亚摩利人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人中间,Thus the Israelites continued to live among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
6娶他们的女儿为妻,将自己的女儿嫁给他们的儿子,并事奉他们的神。And they took the daughters of these people in marriage, gave their own daughters to their sons, and served their gods.
摘要
约书亚死后,以色列各支派继续攻取迦南地,犹大支派在耶和华同在下取得多次胜利,但众支派普遍未能将迦南人全然赶出,反而与他们同住。耶和华的使者在波金责备以色列人违约、未拆毁异族祭坛,宣告迦南人将成为他们的荆棘与网罗。此后以色列人陷入反复的循环:离弃耶和华、事奉偶像、遭受仇敌压迫、呼求神、神兴起士师拯救,士师死后又再次悖逆,甚至与迦南各族通婚、事奉他们的神。
反思问题
- 以色列人未能彻底顺服神的命令赶出迦南人,最终导致信仰妥协。在你的生活中,是否有明知应当对付却一直容忍的罪或试探?
- 士师记呈现出犯罪—受苦—呼求—拯救的循环模式。你是否也经历过类似的属灵循环?如何才能打破这种反复跌倒的模式?
- 神留下迦南各族作为对以色列人的试验。你如何看待生活中的考验与困难——它们是否也在锻炼你对神的信靠与顺服?
新约路加福音 11:14–32
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():马大忙着伺候,马利亚坐在耶稣脚前听道。门徒求耶稣教导他们祷告,耶稣教他们主祷文,又用半夜借饼的比喻鼓励人祈求、寻找、叩门:“何况天父,岂不更将圣灵给求他的人吗?”
今天你会读到
耶稣赶出叫人哑巴的鬼,有人说祂靠鬼王别西卜赶鬼;耶稣用国家自相纷争、壮士被更壮的胜过作比喻回应,又讲污鬼回来的比喻。一个女人称赞生祂的母亲有福,耶稣说听神之道而遵守的人更有福;最后责备这世代求神迹,只有约拿的神迹给他们。
阅读小提示
留意 “这就是 神的国临到你们了”:耶稣赶鬼不只是医治,更是神的国已经来到、胜过撒但的记号。
点时代可看说明
路加从 起记载耶稣往耶路撒冷去的旅程,一直写到第 19 章;这一大段的教导多半发生在前往耶路撒冷的路上。
路加福音 第 11 章
耶稣被指控靠别西卜赶鬼
14耶稣赶出一个叫人哑巴的鬼;鬼出去了,哑巴就说出话来;众人都希奇。One day Jesus was driving out a demon that was mute. And when the demon was gone, the man who had been mute spoke. The crowds were amazed,
15内中却有人说:“他是靠着鬼王赶鬼。”but some of them said, “It is by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons, that He drives out demons.”
16又有人试探耶稣,向他求从天上来的神迹。And others tested Him by demanding a sign from heaven.
17他晓得他们的意念,便对他们说:“凡一国自相纷争,就成为;凡一家自相纷争,就必败落。Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and a house divided against a house will fall.
18若自相纷争,他的国怎能站得住呢?因为你们说我是靠着别西卜赶鬼。If Satan is divided against himself, how can his kingdom stand? After all, you say that I drive out demons by Beelzebul.
19我若靠着别西卜赶鬼,你们的子弟赶鬼又靠着谁呢?这样,他们就要断定你们的是非。And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.
20我若靠着 神的赶鬼,这就是 神的国临到你们了。But if I drive out demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.
壮士与比他更壮的
21壮士,看守自己的住宅,他所有的都平安无事;When a strong man, fully armed, guards his house, his possessions are secure.
22但有一个比他更壮的来,胜过他,就夺去他所倚靠的,又分了他的。But when someone stronger attacks and overpowers him, he takes away the armor in which the man trusted, and then he divides up his plunder.
23不与我相合的,就是敌我的;不同我收聚的,就是分散的。”He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters.
污鬼回到原来的屋子
24“污鬼离了人身,就在无水之地过来过去,寻求安歇之处;既寻不着,便说:‘我要回到我所出来的屋里去。’When an unclean spirit comes out of a man, it passes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it. Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’
25到了,就看见里面打扫干净,修饰好了,On its return, it finds the house swept clean and put in order.
26便去另带了七个比自己更恶的鬼来,都进去住在那里。那人末后的景况比先前更不好了。”Then it goes and brings seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and dwell there. And the final plight of that man is worse than the first.”
听道而遵守的人有福
27耶稣正说这话的时候,众人中间有一个女人大声说:“怀你胎的和乳养你的有福了!”As Jesus was saying these things, a woman in the crowd raised her voice and said, “Blessed is the womb that bore You, and blessed are the breasts that nursed You!”
28耶稣说:“是,却还不如听 神之道而遵守的人有福。”But He replied, “Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it.”
约拿的神迹
29当众人聚集的时候,耶稣开讲说:“这世代是一个邪恶的世代。他们求看神迹,除了的神迹以外,再没有神迹给他们看。As the crowds were increasing, Jesus said, “This is a wicked generation. It demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.
30约拿怎样为人成了神迹,人子也要照样为这世代的人成了神迹。For as Jonah was a sign to the Ninevites, so the Son of Man will be a sign to this generation.
31当审判的时候,要起来定这世代的罪;因为她从而来,要听所罗门的智慧话。看哪!在这里有一人比所罗门更大。The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.
32当审判的时候,尼尼微人要起来定这世代的罪,因为尼尼微人听了约拿所传的就悔改了。看哪!在这里有一人比约拿更大。”The men of Nineveh will stand at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now One greater than Jonah is here.
摘要
耶稣赶出使人哑巴的鬼后,有人质疑祂靠鬼王别西卜赶鬼,也有人试探祂求天上的神迹。耶稣以自相纷争的比喻驳斥谬论,指出祂靠神的能力赶鬼正是神国临到的明证,并警告被洁净后若不以良善充满内心,末后景况将更加悲惨。耶稣又以约拿的神迹回应求神迹的世代,指出尼尼微人听道悔改、南方女王远道求智慧,这世代的人面对比约拿、所罗门更大的却仍不信,将在审判时被定罪。
反思问题
- 耶稣说“不与我相合的,就是敌我的”,在信仰上没有中间地带。你在日常抉择中,是否有对基督的立场模糊不清的地方?
- 污鬼离开后房子打扫干净却空着,结果更糟。这提醒我们除去旧习之后需要用什么来充满生命?你目前如何积极地以神的道和圣灵充满自己?
- 耶稣说听神之道而遵守的人比任何关系上的福分更有福。你是停留在羡慕属灵经历的层面,还是真正在日常生活中实践所听到的神的话语?