旧约利未记 1:1–3:17
书卷介绍:利未记律法书
圣洁的神教导祂的百姓怎样亲近祂,并过圣洁的生活。
利未记记载神在西乃山颁给以色列人的各种条例。书中说明怎样献祭、祭司怎样事奉,以及什么是洁净与不洁净。第 16 章的赎罪日说明罪必须借着流血才能得到遮盖。后半部教导百姓在日常生活和节期中活出圣洁,因为神说:“你们要圣洁,因为我是圣洁的”。
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():摩西照神的吩咐立起帐幕,安放法柜、桌子、灯台、金坛、燔祭坛和洗濯盆。完工时,云彩遮盖会幕,耶和华的荣光充满帐幕,连摩西都不能进去;以后以色列人就跟着云彩起行或停留。出埃及记到此结束。
今天你会读到
利未记开始:神从会幕中呼叫摩西,教导百姓怎样献祭。今天读三种祭:整只全烧在坛上的燔祭(用牛、羊或鸟),用细面和油做的素祭(不可有酵,要用盐调和),以及平安祭(脂油要烧给神,脂油和血都不可吃)。
阅读小提示
留意利未记的开头:出埃及记结束时摩西不能进会幕(),利未记一开始,神就“从会幕中呼叫摩西”,教导有罪的人怎样可以亲近祂。
点时代可看说明
传统认为利未记是摩西所写,内容是以色列人停留在西奈山下时领受的条例(参 )。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
利未记 第 1 章
神从会幕呼叫摩西
1耶和华从会幕中呼叫摩西,对他说:Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying,
2“你晓谕以色列人说:你们中间若有人献给耶和华,要从牛群羊群中献牲畜为供物。“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you may bring as your offering an animal from the herd or the flock.
用牛作燔祭
3“他的供物若以牛为,就要在会幕门口献一只没有残疾的公牛,可以在耶和华面前。If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to present an unblemished male. He must bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for its acceptance before the LORD.
4他要在燔祭牲的头上,燔祭便蒙悦纳,。He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so it can be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him.
5他要在耶和华面前宰公牛;亚伦子孙作祭司的,要奉上血,把血洒在会幕门口、坛的周围。And he shall slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to present the blood and splatter it on all sides of the altar at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
6那人要剥去燔祭牲的皮,把燔祭牲切成块子。Next, he is to skin the burnt offering and cut it into pieces.
7祭司亚伦的子孙要把火放在坛上,把柴摆在火上。The sons of Aaron the priest shall put a fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire.
8亚伦子孙作祭司的,要把肉块和头并脂油摆在坛上火的柴上。Then Aaron’s sons the priests are to arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat, atop the burning wood on the altar.
9但燔祭的与腿要用水洗。祭司就要把一切全烧在坛上,当作燔祭,献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
用羊作燔祭
10“人的供物若以绵羊或山羊为燔祭,就要献上没有残疾的公羊。If, however, one’s offering is a burnt offering from the flock—from the sheep or goats—he is to present an unblemished male.
11要把羊宰于坛的北边,在耶和华面前;亚伦子孙作祭司的,要把羊血洒在坛的周围。He shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to splatter its blood against the altar on all sides.
12要把燔祭牲切成块子,连头和脂油,祭司就要摆在坛上火的柴上;He is to cut the animal into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including the head and fat, atop the burning wood that is on the altar.
13但脏腑与腿要用水洗,祭司就要全然奉献,烧在坛上。这是燔祭,是献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall present all of it and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
用鸟作燔祭
14“人奉给耶和华的供物,若以鸟为燔祭,就要献斑鸠或是为供物。If, instead, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon.
15祭司要把鸟拿到坛前,揪下头来,把鸟烧在坛上;鸟的血要流在坛的旁边;Then the priest shall bring it to the altar, twist off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood should be drained out on the side of the altar.
16又要把鸟的和脏物(脏物:或译翎毛)除掉,丢在坛的东边倒灰的地方。And he is to remove the crop with its contents and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes.
17要拿着鸟的两个翅膀,把鸟撕开,只是不可撕断;祭司要在坛上、在火的柴上焚烧。这是燔祭,是献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。”He shall tear it open by its wings, without dividing the bird completely. And the priest is to burn it on the altar atop the burning wood. It is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
利未记 第 2 章
细面的素祭
1“若有人献为供物给耶和华,要用细面浇上油,加上乳香,“When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering must consist of fine flour. He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankincense on it,
2带到亚伦子孙作祭司的那里;祭司就要从细面中取出一把来,并取些油和所有的乳香,然后要把所取的这些作为,烧在坛上,是献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the flour and oil, together with all the frankincense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
3素祭所剩的要归给亚伦和他的子孙;这是献与耶和华的火祭中为至圣的。The remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the food offerings to the LORD.
烤的、煎的素祭
4“若用炉中烤的物为素祭,就要用调油的无酵细面饼,或是抹油的无酵薄饼。Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil.
5若用上做的物为素祭,就要用调油的无酵细面,If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.
6分成块子,浇上油;这是素祭。Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.
7若用做的物为素祭,就要用油与细面做成。If your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan, it must consist of fine flour with oil.
8要把这些东西做的素祭带到耶和华面前,并奉给祭司,带到坛前。When you bring to the LORD the grain offering made in any of these ways, it is to be presented to the priest, and he shall take it to the altar.
9祭司要从素祭中取出作为纪念的,烧在坛上,是献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。The priest is to remove the memorial portion from the grain offering and burn it on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
10素祭所剩的要归给亚伦和他的子孙。这是献与耶和华的火祭中为至圣的。But the remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the food offerings to the LORD.
不可有酵,要用盐调和
11“凡献给耶和华的素祭都不可有;因为你们不可烧一点酵、一点蜜当作火祭献给耶和华。No grain offering that you present to the LORD may be made with leaven, for you are not to burn any leaven or honey as a food offering to the LORD.
12这些物要献给耶和华作为初熟的供物,只是不可在坛上献为馨香的祭。You may bring them to the LORD as an offering of firstfruits, but they must not go up on the altar as a pleasing aroma.
13凡献为素祭的供物都要用盐调和,在素祭上不可缺了你 神。一切的供物都要配盐而献。And you shall season each of your grain offerings with salt. You must not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offering; you are to add salt to each of your offerings.
初熟之物的素祭
14若向耶和华献初熟之物为素祭,要献上烘了的禾穗子,就是,当作初熟之物的素祭。If you bring a grain offering of firstfruits to the LORD, you shall offer crushed heads of new grain roasted on the fire.
15并要抹上油,加上乳香;这是素祭。And you are to put oil and frankincense on it; it is a grain offering.
16祭司要把其中作为纪念的,就是一些轧了的禾穗子和一些油,并所有的乳香,都焚烧,是向耶和华献的火祭。”The priest shall then burn the memorial portion of the crushed grain and the oil, together with all its frankincense, as a food offering to the LORD.
利未记 第 3 章
用牛作平安祭
1“人献供物为(平安:或译酬恩;下同),若是从牛群中献,无论是公的是母的,必用没有残疾的献在耶和华面前。“If one’s offering is a peace offering and he offers an animal from the herd, whether male or female, he must present it without blemish before the LORD.
2他要按手在供物的头上,宰于会幕门口。亚伦子孙作祭司的,要把血洒在坛的周围。He is to lay his hand on the head of the offering and slaughter it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons the priests shall splatter the blood on all sides of the altar.
3从平安祭中,将火祭献给耶和华,也要把盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油,From the peace offering he is to bring a food offering to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them,
4并两个和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰两旁的脂油,与肝上的网子和腰子,一概取下。both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.
5亚伦的子孙要把这些烧在坛的燔祭上,就是在火的柴上,是献与耶和华为馨香的火祭。Then Aaron’s sons are to burn it on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the burning wood, as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
用羊羔作平安祭
6“人向耶和华献供物为平安祭,若是从羊群中献,无论是公的是母的,必用没有残疾的。If, however, one’s peace offering to the LORD is from the flock, he must present a male or female without blemish.
7若献一只羊羔为供物,必在耶和华面前献上,If he is presenting a lamb for his offering, he must present it before the LORD.
8并要按手在供物的头上,宰于会幕前。亚伦的子孙要把血洒在坛的周围。He is to lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall splatter its blood on all sides of the altar.
9从平安祭中,将火祭献给耶和华,其中的脂油和整肥尾巴都要在靠近脊骨处取下,并要把盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油,And from the peace offering he shall bring a food offering to the LORD consisting of its fat: the entire fat tail cut off close to the backbone, the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them,
10两个腰子和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰两旁的脂油,并肝上的网子和腰子,一概取下。both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.
11祭司要在坛上焚烧,是献给耶和华为食物的火祭。Then the priest is to burn them on the altar as food, a food offering to the LORD.
用山羊作平安祭
12“人的供物若是山羊,必在耶和华面前献上。If one’s offering is a goat, he is to present it before the LORD.
13要按手在山羊头上,宰于会幕前。亚伦的子孙要把血洒在坛的周围,He must lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall splatter its blood on all sides of the altar.
14–15又把盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油,两个腰子和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰两旁的脂油,并肝上的网子和腰子,一概取下,献给耶和华为火祭。And from his offering he shall present a food offering to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.
脂油都归耶和华
16祭司要在坛上焚烧,作为馨香火祭的食物。脂油都是耶和华的。Then the priest is to burn the food on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma. All the fat is the LORD’s.
17在你们一切的住处,脂油和血都不可吃;这要成为你们世世代代永远的定例。”This is a permanent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live: You must not eat any fat or any blood.”
摘要
利未记第一至三章记载耶和华在会幕中晓谕摩西关于三种主要祭祀的条例:燔祭(第一章)要求献上没有残疾的牲畜,全然烧在坛上,为献祭者赎罪,成为馨香的火祭;素祭(第二章)以细面、油和乳香为供物,不可加酵或蜜,但必须用盐调和,象征与神立约的关系;平安祭(第三章)可献公母牛羊,脂油归耶和华焚烧,并立下脂油和血永远不可吃的定例。这些献祭条例显示神对敬拜有明确的心意与秩序,人必须按照神所定的方式来亲近祂。
反思问题
- 献祭要求“没有残疾”的牲畜,这提醒你在奉献(时间、金钱、才能)时,是否把最好的献给神,还是将剩余的给祂?
- 素祭不可加酵却必须加盐,酵代表罪与不洁,盐代表约的信实——在你与神的关系中,有哪些需要除去的‘酵’和需要持守的‘盐’?
- 献祭者要亲自按手在祭牲头上,这个动作象征认同与委身。你在信仰生活中,是否亲身参与并承担责任,还是只做旁观者?
新约马太福音 26:57–75
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():耶稣预言门徒都要跌倒,彼得却说“我却永不跌倒”。在客西马尼,耶稣祷告“不要照我的意思,只要照你的意思”,门徒却睡着了。犹大带人来,用亲嘴作暗号,耶稣被捕,门徒都逃走了。
今天你会读到
耶稣被带到大祭司该亚法那里,公会找人作假见证控告祂。大祭司要耶稣起誓说明自己是不是神的儿子基督,耶稣承认,并说人子要坐在权能者的右边;大祭司就说祂说了僭妄的话,众人吐唾沫、打祂。同时,彼得在院子里三次不认主,鸡叫时想起耶稣的话,出去痛哭。
阅读小提示
留意 :彼得“出去痛哭”。后来复活的耶稣仍然接纳他,并再次托付他()。失败不是故事的结局。
点时代可看说明
公会是犹太人的最高议会,由大祭司主持;这次审问在夜里进行。
马太福音 第 26 章
被带到大祭司那里
57拿耶稣的人把他带到大祭司该亚法那里去;文士和长老已经在那里聚会。Those who had arrested Jesus led Him away to the house of Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and elders had gathered.
58彼得远远地跟着耶稣,直到大祭司的院子,进到里面,就和同坐,要看这事到底怎样。But Peter followed Him at a distance, right up to the courtyard of the high priest. And he went in and sat down with the guards to see the outcome.
公会寻找假见证
59祭司长和全寻找假见证控告耶稣,要治死他。Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus in order to put Him to death.
60虽有好些人来作假见证,总得不着实据。末后有两个人前来,说:But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward
61“这个人曾说:‘我能拆毁 神的殿,三日内又建造起来。’”and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’”
大祭司要耶稣起誓
62大祭司就站起来,对耶稣说:“你什么都不回答吗?这些人作见证告你的是什么呢?”So the high priest stood up and asked Him, “Have You no answer? What are these men testifying against You?”
63耶稣却不言语。大祭司对他说:“我指着永生 神告诉我们,你是 神的儿子基督不是?”But Jesus remained silent. Then the high priest said to Him, “I charge You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God.”
64耶稣对他说:“你说的是。然而,我告诉你们,后来你们要看见人子坐在,驾着天上的云降临。”“You have said it yourself,” Jesus answered. “But I say to all of you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”
定为说僭妄的话
65大祭司就,说:“他说了的话,我们何必再用见证人呢?这僭妄的话,现在你们都听见了。At this, the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy.
66你们的意见如何?”他们回答说:“他是。”What do you think?” “He deserves to die,” they answered.
67他们就在他脸上,用拳头打他;也有用手掌打他的,说:Then they spit in His face and struck Him. Others slapped Him
68“基督啊!你是先知,告诉我们打你的是谁?”and said, “Prophesy to us, Christ! Who hit You?”
彼得三次不认主
69彼得在外面院子里坐着,有一个前来,说:“你素来也是同那加利利人耶稣一伙的。”Meanwhile, Peter was sitting out in the courtyard, and a servant girl came up to him. “You also were with Jesus the Galilean,” she said.
70彼得在众人面前却不承认,说:“我不知道你说的是什么!”But he denied it before them all: “I do not know what you are talking about.”
71既出去,到了门口,又有一个使女看见他,就对那里的人说:“这个人也是同拿撒勒人耶稣一伙的。”When Peter had gone out to the gateway, another servant girl saw him and said to the people there, “This man was with Jesus of Nazareth.”
72彼得又不承认,并且起誓说:“我不认得那个人。”And again he denied it with an oath: “I do not know the man!”
73过了不多的时候,旁边站着的人前来,对彼得说:“你真是他们,你的把你露出来了。”After a little while, those standing nearby came up to Peter. “Surely you are one of them,” they said, “for your accent gives you away.”
鸡叫了,彼得痛哭
74彼得就地说:“我不认得那个人。”立时,鸡就叫了。At that he began to curse and swear to them, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.
75彼得想起耶稣所说的话:“鸡叫以先,你要三次不认我。”他就出去。Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken: “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.
摘要
耶稣被捕后被带到大祭司该亚法面前受审,祭司长和公会蓄意寻找假见证要定祂死罪。面对诬告,耶稣沉默不语,直到大祭司指着永生神要祂起誓,耶稣才宣告自己是基督、是神的儿子,并预言众人将看见人子坐在权能者右边驾云降临,公会随即判祂该死并凌辱祂。与此同时,先前誓言至死不渝的彼得在院子里三次否认认识耶稣,鸡叫之后想起主的预言,出去痛哭悔恨。
反思问题
- 耶稣在受审时选择沉默,却在关乎身分的关键时刻勇敢宣告真理——你在面对压力或误解时,是否能分辨何时沉默、何时为真理发声?
- 彼得深爱耶稣却在压力下三次不认主,这显示人靠自己的意志力有其极限。你曾在哪些处境中,因恐惧而在信仰上妥协?如何靠神的力量胜过软弱?
- 彼得否认主后痛哭,显出真实的悔改之心。当你意识到自己跌倒或犯错时,你是选择逃避、自我辩护,还是带着破碎的心转向神?