旧约以西结书 8:1–11:25
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():以西结用一块砖演出耶路撒冷被围,侧卧三百九十日和四十日,按分两吃饼喝水,又剃下须发分成三分,表明城中百姓的结局;神向以色列众山宣告邱坛要被毁,7 章一再说“结局到了”。
今天你会读到
8 章,以西结在异象中被带到耶路撒冷,看见长老在暗室烧香拜像、妇女为搭模斯哭泣、二十五个人背向圣殿拜日头;9 章,神吩咐在叹息哀哭的人额上画记号,其余的人被击杀;10 章,耶和华的荣耀离开圣殿;11 章,神应许给被掳的人“新灵”和“肉心”。
阅读小提示
留意神的荣耀一步步离开:从基路伯上升到殿的门槛(、),再到殿的东门口(),最后停在城东的山上()。百姓以为有圣殿就安全;神却应许在列邦“暂作他们的圣所”()。
点时代可看说明
的“第六年”约是主前 592 年,离耶路撒冷陷落还有六年;以西结人在巴比伦,在异象中看见耶路撒冷圣殿里的事。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
以西结书 第 8 章
被带到耶路撒冷的异象
1第六年六月初五日,我坐在家中;犹大的众长老坐在我面前。在那里主耶和华的灵(原文是手)降在我身上。In the sixth year, on the fifth day of the sixth month, I was sitting in my house, and the elders of Judah were sitting before me; and there the hand of the Lord GOD fell upon me.
2我观看,见有形象仿佛火的形状,从他腰以下的形状有火,从他腰以上有光辉的形状,仿佛光耀的精金。Then I looked and saw a figure like that of a man. From His waist down His appearance was like fire, and from His waist up He was as bright as the gleam of amber.
3他伸出仿佛一只手的样式,抓住我的头发,灵就将我举到天地中间,在 神的异象中,带我到耶路撒冷朝北的内院门口,在那里有触动主怒偶像的坐位,就是惹动忌邪的。He stretched out what looked like a hand and took me by the hair of my head. Then the Spirit lifted me up between earth and heaven and carried me in visions of God to Jerusalem, to the entrance of the north gate of the inner court, where the idol that provokes jealousy was seated.
4谁知,在那里有以色列 神的荣耀,形状与我在平原所见的一样。And there I saw the glory of the God of Israel, like the vision I had seen in the plain.
惹忌邪的偶像
5神对我说:“人子啊,你举目向北观看。”我就举目向北观看,见祭坛门的北边,在门口有这;“Son of man,” He said to me, “now lift up your eyes to the north.” So I lifted up my eyes to the north, and in the entrance north of the Altar Gate I saw this idol of jealousy.
6又对我说:“人子啊,以色列家所行的,就是在此行这大可憎的事,使我远离我的圣所,你看见了吗?你还要看见另有大可憎的事。”“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see what they are doing—the great abominations that the house of Israel is committing—to drive Me far from My sanctuary? Yet you will see even greater abominations.”
暗室中的七十个长老
7他领我到院门口。我观看,见墙上有个。Then He brought me to the entrance to the court, and I looked and saw a hole in the wall.
8他对我说:“人子啊,你要挖墙。”我一挖墙,见有一门。“Son of man,” He told me, “dig through the wall.” So I dug through the wall and discovered a doorway.
9他说:“你进去,看他们在这里所行可憎的恶事。”Then He said to me, “Go in and see the wicked abominations they are committing here.”
10我进去一看,谁知,在四面墙上画着各样和可憎的走兽,并以色列家一切的偶像。So I went in and looked, and engraved all around the wall was every kind of crawling creature and detestable beast, along with all the idols of the house of Israel.
11在这些像前有以色列家的七十个长老站立,的儿子雅撒尼亚也站在其中。各人手拿香炉,烟云的香气上腾。Before them stood seventy elders of the house of Israel, with Jaazaniah son of Shaphan standing among them. Each had a censer in his hand, and a fragrant cloud of incense was rising.
12他对我说:“人子啊,以色列家的长老暗中在各人画像屋里所行的,你看见了吗?他们常说:‘耶和华看不见我们;耶和华已经离弃这地。’”“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the darkness, each at the shrine of his own idol? For they are saying, ‘The LORD does not see us; the LORD has forsaken the land.’”
13他又说:“你还要看见他们另外行大可憎的事。”Again, He told me, “You will see them committing even greater abominations.”
妇女为搭模斯哭泣
14他领我到耶和华殿外院朝北的门口。谁知,在那里有妇女坐着,为哭泣。Then He brought me to the entrance of the north gate of the house of the LORD, and I saw women sitting there, weeping for Tammuz.
15他对我说:“人子啊,你看见了吗?你还要看见比这更可憎的事。”“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see this? Yet you will see even greater abominations than these.”
背向圣殿拜日头
16他又领我到耶和华殿的内院。谁知,在耶和华的殿门口、廊子和祭坛中间,约有二十五个人背向耶和华的殿,面向东方拜日头。So He brought me to the inner court of the house of the LORD, and there at the entrance to the temple of the LORD, between the portico and the altar, were about twenty-five men with their backs to the temple of the LORD and their faces toward the east; and they were bowing to the east in worship of the sun.
17他对我说:“人子啊,你看见了吗?犹大家在此行这可憎的事还算为小吗?他们在这地遍行强暴,再三惹我发怒,他们手拿举向鼻前。“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see this? Is it not enough for the house of Judah to commit the abominations they are practicing here, that they must also fill the land with violence and continually provoke Me to anger? Look, they are even putting the branch to their nose!
18因此,我也要以忿怒行事,我眼必不顾惜,也不可怜他们;他们虽向我耳中大声呼求,我还是不听。”Therefore I will respond with wrath. I will not look on them with pity, nor will I spare them. Although they shout loudly in My ears, I will not listen to them.”
以西结书 第 9 章
在叹息的人额上画记号
1他向我耳中大声喊叫说:“要使那监管这城的人手中各拿灭命的兵器前来。”Then I heard Him call out in a loud voice, saying, “Draw near, O executioners of the city, each with a weapon of destruction in hand.”
2忽然有六个人从朝北的上门而来,各人手拿杀人的兵器;内中有一人身穿,腰间带着。他们进来,站在铜祭坛旁。And I saw six men coming from the direction of the Upper Gate, which faces north, each with a weapon of slaughter in his hand. With them was another man clothed in linen who had a writing kit at his side. And they came in and stood beside the bronze altar.
3以色列 神的荣耀本在基路伯上,现今从那里升到殿的门槛。 神将那身穿细麻衣、腰间带着墨盒子的人召来。Then the glory of the God of Israel rose from above the cherubim, where it had been, and moved to the threshold of the temple. And He called to the man clothed in linen who had the writing kit at his side.
4耶和华对他说:“你去走遍耶路撒冷全城,那些因城中所行可憎之事叹息哀哭的人,画在额上。”“Go throughout the city of Jerusalem,” said the LORD, “and put a mark on the foreheads of the men sighing and groaning over all the abominations committed there.”
5我耳中听见他对其余的人说:“要跟随他走遍全城,以行击杀。你们的眼不要顾惜,也不要可怜他们。And as I listened, He said to the others, “Follow him through the city and start killing; do not show pity or spare anyone!
6要将年老的、年少的,并处女、婴孩,和妇女,从圣所起全都杀尽,只是凡有记号的人不要挨近他。”于是他们从殿前的长老杀起。Slaughter the old men, the young men and maidens, the women and children; but do not go near anyone who has the mark. Now begin at My sanctuary.” So they began with the elders who were before the temple.
7他对他们说:“要污秽这殿,使院中充满被杀的人。你们出去吧!”他们就出去,在城中击杀。Then He told them, “Defile the temple and fill the courts with the slain. Go forth!” So they went out and began killing throughout the city.
先知为剩下的人求情
8他们击杀的时候,我被留下,我就俯伏在地,说:“哎!主耶和华啊,你将忿怒倾在耶路撒冷,岂要将以色列所剩下的人都灭绝吗?”While they were killing, I was left alone. And I fell facedown and cried out, “Oh, Lord GOD, when You pour out Your wrath on Jerusalem, will You destroy the entire remnant of Israel?”
9他对我说:“以色列家和犹大家的罪孽极其重大。遍地有流血的事,满城有,因为他们说:‘耶和华已经离弃这地,他看不见我们。’He replied, “The iniquity of the house of Israel and Judah is exceedingly great. The land is full of bloodshed, and the city is full of perversity. For they say, ‘The LORD has forsaken the land; the LORD does not see.’
10故此,我眼必不顾惜,也不可怜他们,要照他们所行的报应在他们头上。”But as for Me, I will not look on them with pity, nor will I spare them. I will bring their deeds down upon their own heads.”
11那穿细麻衣、腰间带着墨盒子的人将这事回复说:“我已经照你所吩咐的行了。”Then the man clothed in linen with the writing kit at his side reported back, “I have done as You commanded.”
以西结书 第 10 章
火炭撒在城上
1我观看,见头上的穹苍之中,显出蓝宝石的形状,仿佛宝座的形象。And I looked and saw above the expanse, above the heads of the cherubim, the likeness of a throne of sapphire.
2主对那穿细麻衣的人说:“你进去,在旋转的轮内基路伯以下,从基路伯中间将火炭取满两手,撒在城上。”我就见他进去。And the LORD said to the man clothed in linen, “Go inside the wheelwork beneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with burning coals from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” And as I watched, he went in.
3那人进去的时候,基路伯站在殿的右边,云彩充满了内院。Now when the man went in, the cherubim were standing on the south side of the temple, and a cloud filled the inner court.
4耶和华的荣耀从基路伯那里上升,停在门槛以上;殿内满了云彩,院宇也被耶和华荣耀的光辉充满。Then the glory of the LORD rose from above the cherubim and stood over the threshold of the temple. The temple was filled with the cloud, and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the LORD.
5基路伯翅膀的响声听到外院,好像全能 神说话的声音。The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when He speaks.
6他吩咐那穿细麻衣的人说:“要从旋转的轮内基路伯中间取火。”那人就进去站在一个轮子旁边。When the LORD commanded the man clothed in linen, saying, “Take fire from within the wheelwork, from among the cherubim,” the man went in and stood beside a wheel.
7有一个基路伯从基路伯中伸手到基路伯中间的火那里,取些放在那穿细麻衣的人两手中,那人就拿出去了。Then one of the cherubim reached out his hand and took some of the fire that was among them. And he put it into the hands of the man clothed in linen, who received it and went out.
8在基路伯翅膀之下,显出有人手的样式。(The cherubim appeared to have the form of human hands under their wings.)
基路伯和轮子
9我又观看,见基路伯旁边有四个轮子。这基路伯旁有一个轮子,那基路伯旁有一个轮子,每基路伯都是如此;轮子的颜色(原文是形状)仿佛水苍玉。Then I looked and saw four wheels beside the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub. And the wheels gleamed like a beryl stone.
10至于四轮的形状,都是一个样式,仿佛轮中套轮。As for their appearance, all four had the same form, like a wheel within a wheel.
11轮行走的时候,向四方都能直行,并不掉转。头向何方,他们也随向何方,行走的时候并不掉转。When they moved, they would go in any of the four directions, without turning as they moved. For wherever the head faced, the cherubim would go in that direction, without turning as they moved.
12他们全身,连背带手和翅膀,并轮周围都满了眼睛。这四个基路伯的轮子都是如此。Their entire bodies, including their backs, hands, and wings, were full of eyes all around, as were their four wheels.
13至于这些轮子,我耳中听见说是。I heard the wheels being called “the whirling wheels.”
14基路伯各有四脸:第一是基路伯的脸,第二是人的脸,第三是狮子的脸,第四是鹰的脸。Each of the cherubim had four faces: the first face was that of a cherub, the second that of a man, the third that of a lion, and the fourth that of an eagle.
15基路伯升上去了;这是我在迦巴鲁河边所见的活物。Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures I had seen by the River Kebar.
16基路伯行走,轮也在旁边行走。基路伯展开翅膀,离地上升,轮也不转离他们旁边。When the cherubim moved, the wheels moved beside them, and even when they spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not veer away from their side.
17那些站住,这些也站住;那些上升,这些也一同上升,因为活物的灵在轮中。When the cherubim stood still, the wheels also stood still, and when they ascended, the wheels ascended with them, for the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels.
荣耀离开圣殿
18耶和华的荣耀从殿的门槛那里出去,停在基路伯以上。Then the glory of the LORD moved away from the threshold of the temple and stood above the cherubim.
19基路伯出去的时候,就展开翅膀,在我眼前离地上升。轮也在他们的旁边,都停在耶和华殿的东门口。在他们以上有以色列 神的荣耀。As I watched, the cherubim lifted their wings and rose up from the ground, with the wheels beside them as they went. And they stopped at the entrance of the east gate of the house of the LORD, with the glory of the God of Israel above them.
20这是我在迦巴鲁河边所见、以色列 神荣耀以下的活物,我就知道他们是基路伯。These were the living creatures I had seen beneath the God of Israel by the River Kebar, and I knew that they were cherubim.
21各有四个脸面,四个翅膀,翅膀以下有人手的样式。Each had four faces and four wings, with what looked like human hands under their wings.
22至于他们脸的模样,并身体的形象,是我从前在迦巴鲁河边所看见的。他们俱各直往前行。Their faces looked like the faces I had seen by the River Kebar. Each creature went straight ahead.
以西结书 第 11 章
这城是锅,我们是肉
1灵将我举起,带到耶和华殿向东的东门。谁知,在门口有二十五个人,我见其中有民间的首领押朔的儿子雅撒尼亚和比拿雅的儿子。Then the Spirit lifted me up and brought me to the gate of the house of the LORD that faces east. And there at the entrance of the gate were twenty-five men. Among them I saw Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah, who were leaders of the people.
2耶和华对我说:“人子啊,这就是图谋罪孽的人,在这城中给人设恶谋。And the LORD said to me, “Son of man, these are the men who plot evil and give wicked counsel in this city.
3他们说:‘盖房屋的时候尚未临近;。’They are saying, ‘Is not the time near to build houses? The city is the cooking pot, and we are the meat.’
4人子啊,因此你当说预言,说预言攻击他们。”Therefore prophesy against them; prophesy, O son of man!”
5耶和华的灵降在我身上,对我说:“你当说,耶和华如此说:以色列家啊,你们口中所说的,心里所想的,我都知道。And the Spirit of the LORD fell upon me and told me to declare that this is what the LORD says: “That is what you are thinking, O house of Israel; and I know the thoughts that arise in your minds.
6你们在这城中杀人增多,使被杀的人充满街道。You have multiplied those you killed in this city and filled its streets with the dead.
7所以主耶和华如此说:你们杀在城中的人就是肉,这城就是锅;你们却要从其中被带出去。Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: The slain you have laid within this city are the meat, and the city is the pot; but I will remove you from it.
8你们怕刀剑,我必使刀剑临到你们。这是主耶和华说的。You fear the sword, so I will bring the sword against you, declares the Lord GOD.
9我必从这城中带出你们去,交在外邦人的手中,且要在你们中间施行审判。I will bring you out of the city and deliver you into the hands of foreigners, and I will execute judgments against you.
10你们必倒在刀下;我必在以色列的境界审判你们,你们就知道我是耶和华。You will fall by the sword, and I will judge you even to the borders of Israel. Then you will know that I am the LORD.
11这城必不作你们的锅,你们也不作其中的肉。我必在以色列的境界审判你们,The city will not be a pot for you, nor will you be the meat within it. I will judge you even to the borders of Israel.
12你们就知道我是耶和华;因为你们没有遵行我的律例,也没有顺从我的典章,却随从你们四围列国的恶规。”Then you will know that I am the LORD. For you have neither followed My statutes nor practiced My ordinances, but you have conformed to the ordinances of the nations around you.”
13我正说预言的时候,比拿雅的儿子毗拉提死了。于是我俯伏在地,大声呼叫说:“哎!主耶和华啊,你要将以色列剩下的人灭绝净尽吗?”Now as I was prophesying, Pelatiah son of Benaiah died. Then I fell facedown and cried out in a loud voice, “Oh, Lord GOD, will You bring the remnant of Israel to a complete end?”
神要作被掳者的圣所
14耶和华的话临到我说:Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
15“人子啊,耶路撒冷的居民对你的弟兄、你的本族、你的亲属、以色列全家,就是对大众说:‘你们远离耶和华吧!这地是赐给我们的。’“Son of man, your brothers—your relatives, your fellow exiles, and the whole house of Israel—are those of whom the people of Jerusalem have said, ‘They are far away from the LORD; this land has been given to us as a possession.’
16所以你当说:‘耶和华如此说:我虽将以色列全家远远迁移到列国中,将他们分散在列邦内,我还要在他们所到的列邦,暂作他们的圣所。’Therefore declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Although I sent them far away among the nations and scattered them among the countries, yet for a little while I have been a sanctuary for them in the countries to which they have gone.’
17你当说:‘主耶和华如此说:我必从万民中招聚你们,从分散的列国内聚集你们,又要将以色列地赐给你们。’Therefore declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will gather you from the peoples and assemble you from the countries to which you have been scattered, and I will give back to you the land of Israel.’
18他们必到那里,也必从其中除掉一切可憎可厌的物。When they return to it, they will remove all its detestable things and all its abominations.
除掉石心,赐给肉心
19我要使他们有合一的心,也要将新灵放在他们里面,又从他们肉体中除掉,赐给他们肉心,And I will give them singleness of heart and put a new spirit within them; I will remove their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh,
20使他们顺从我的律例,谨守遵行我的典章。他们要作我的子民,我要作他们的 神。so that they may follow My statutes, keep My ordinances, and practice them. Then they will be My people, and I will be their God.
21至于那些心中随从可憎可厌之物的,我必照他们所行的报应在他们头上。这是主耶和华说的。”But as for those whose hearts pursue detestable things and abominations, I will bring their conduct down upon their own heads, declares the Lord GOD.”
荣耀停在城东的山上
22于是,基路伯展开翅膀,轮子都在他们旁边;在他们以上有以色列 神的荣耀。Then the cherubim, with the wheels beside them, spread their wings, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.
23耶和华的荣耀从城中上升,停在城东的那座山上。And the glory of the LORD rose up from within the city and stood over the mountain east of the city.
24灵将我举起,在异象中借着 神的灵将我带进迦勒底地,到被掳的人那里;我所见的异象就离我上升去了。And the Spirit lifted me up and carried me back to Chaldea, to the exiles in the vision given by the Spirit of God. After the vision had gone up from me,
25我便将耶和华所指示我的一切事都说给被掳的人听。I told the exiles everything the LORD had shown me.
摘要
以西结在异象中被带到耶路撒冷圣殿,目睹以色列民在殿中拜偶像、为假神哭泣、背向耶和华拜日头等四重可憎之事,神因此降下审判,差遣六位天使击杀城中罪人,只有为罪恶叹息哀哭并被画记号的人得以存活。耶和华的荣耀逐步离开圣殿——从基路伯上升到门槛、再到东门、最终停在城东的山上,象征神因百姓的悖逆而离开祂的居所。然而在审判中神仍赐下盼望,应许要从列国招聚被掳之民归回,赐他们合一的心与新灵,除去石心、赐下肉心,使他们重新成为祂的子民。
反思问题
- 当你看到以色列领袖在暗中说“耶和华看不见我们”时,你是否也曾在隐密处做出与信仰不符的事,以为神不会察觉?
- 神只保留那些“为罪恶叹息哀哭”的人——面对周遭不合神心意的事,你的态度是麻木习惯,还是心中仍有感动与哀痛?
- 神应许赐下“新灵”与“肉心”来取代石心,你目前生命中有哪些刚硬的领域需要求神更新软化?
新约雅各书 1:13–27
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():雅各劝散居各地的信徒,落在百般试炼中要以为大喜乐,因为信心经过试验就生忍耐;缺少智慧的要凭信心向神求,不要心怀二意;忍受试探的人必得“生命的冠冕”。
今天你会读到
试探不是从神来的,是被自己的私欲牵引;从神来的是各样美善的恩赐,他用真道生了我们。所以要快快地听、慢慢地说、慢慢地动怒;不要单单听道,要行道,不然就像照了镜子转身就忘;真正的虔诚是看顾孤儿寡妇,保守自己不沾染世俗。
阅读小提示
留意 和 的对比:私欲“怀了胎”生出罪,罪“长成”生出死;神却“用真道生了我们”。同样是生,一条路通向死亡,一条路使我们成为神的儿女。
点时代可看说明
传统认为作者是耶路撒冷教会的领袖雅各。 要人行道,和耶稣在登山宝训结尾的比喻很接近()。
雅各书 第 1 章
试探不是从神来的
13人被试探,不可说:“我是被 神试探”;因为 神不能被恶试探,他也不试探人。When tempted, no one should say, “God is tempting me.” For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone.
14但各人被试探,乃是被自己的私欲的。But each one is tempted when by his own evil desires he is lured away and enticed.
15私欲既,就生出罪来;罪既长成,就生出死来。Then after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death.
美善的恩赐从上头来
16我亲爱的弟兄们,不要看错了。Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers.
17各样美善的恩赐和各样全备的赏赐都是从上头来的,从那里降下来的;在他并没有改变,也没有。Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, with whom there is no change or shifting shadow.
18他按自己的旨意,用真道生了我们,叫我们在他所造的万物中好像。He chose to give us birth through the word of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of His creation.
快快地听,慢慢地说
19我亲爱的弟兄们,这是你们所知道的。但你们各人要快快地听,慢慢地说,慢慢地动怒,My beloved brothers, understand this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger,
20因为人的怒气并不成就 神的义。for man’s anger does not bring about the righteousness that God desires.
21所以,你们要脱去一切的污秽和,存温柔的心领受那,就是能救你们灵魂的道。Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and every expression of evil, and humbly accept the word planted in you, which can save your souls.
要行道,不要单单听道
22只是你们要行道,不要单单听道,自己欺哄自己。Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. Otherwise, you are deceiving yourselves.
23因为听道而不行道的,就像人对着看自己本来的面目,For anyone who hears the word but does not carry it out is like a man who looks at his face in a mirror,
24看见,走后,随即忘了他的相貌如何。and after observing himself goes away and immediately forgets what he looks like.
25惟有那全备、的,并且时常如此,这人既不是听了就忘,乃是实在行出来,就在他所行的事上必然得福。But the one who looks intently into the perfect law of freedom, and continues to do so—not being a forgetful hearer, but an effective doer—he will be blessed in what he does.
清洁没有玷污的虔诚
26若有人自以为,却不他的舌头,反欺哄自己的心,这人的虔诚是虚的。If anyone considers himself religious and yet does not bridle his tongue, he deceives his heart and his religion is worthless.
27在 神我们的父面前,那清洁没有玷污的虔诚,就是看顾在患难中的,并且保守自己不世俗。Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.
摘要
雅各指出试探并非来自神,而是源于人内心的私欲;私欲怀胎生出罪,罪长成便带来死亡。相对地,一切美善的恩赐都从不改变的天父而来,祂用真道重生了我们。雅各进而劝勉信徒要快快地听、慢慢地说、慢慢地动怒,不仅要听道更要行道,因为真正的虔诚不只是宗教仪式,而是体现在看顾孤儿寡妇、勒住舌头、保守自己不沾染世俗的实际行动中。
反思问题
- 雅各说试探源于“自己的私欲”,你能否辨认出生活中最常牵引你偏离神的那个私欲是什么,并为此采取具体的防范措施?
- “快快地听,慢慢地说,慢慢地动怒”这个原则,在你最近的人际关系或冲突中是否有被忽略的时刻?
- 雅各定义真虔诚为看顾孤儿寡妇并不沾染世俗——回顾你目前的信仰生活,是偏重内在灵修还是也有具体的怜悯行动?