旧约利未记 18:1–20:27
前情提要
上回说到
昨天(15–17 章):第 15 章讲身体排出物带来的不洁净;第 16 章是一年一次的赎罪日,大祭司带血进入幔子内,又把百姓的罪归在一只活羊头上,送到旷野;第 17 章说“活物的生命是在血中”(),所以献祭要到会幕门口,也不可吃血。
今天你会读到
第 18 章列出禁止的乱伦和性关系,提醒以色列不可效法埃及和迦南的恶俗;第 19 章把“要圣洁”落实到孝敬父母、照顾穷人、诚实、公正、爱邻舍和外人等生活细节;第 20 章说明违反这些诫命的刑罚。
阅读小提示
留意 “要爱人如己”:耶稣说这是第二大的诫命()。 更进一步,对寄居的外人也要“爱他如己”,因为以色列人自己也在埃及作过寄居的。
点时代可看说明
学者常把利未记 17–26 章称为圣洁法典,因为这几章一再强调“你们要圣洁”,并常以“我是耶和华”作结。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
利未记 第 18 章
不可效法埃及和迦南的恶俗
1耶和华对摩西说:Then the LORD said to Moses,
2“你晓谕以色列人说:我是耶和华—你们的 神。“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: I am the LORD your God.
3你们从前住的埃及地,那里人的行为,你们不可效法,我要领你们到的迦南地,那里人的行为也不可效法,也不可照他们的行。You must not follow the practices of the land of Egypt, where you used to live, and you must not follow the practices of the land of Canaan, into which I am bringing you. You must not walk in their customs.
4你们要遵我的典章,守我的律例,按此而行。我是耶和华—你们的 神。You are to practice My judgments and keep My statutes by walking in them. I am the LORD your God.
5所以,你们要守我的律例典章;人若遵行,就必因此活着。我是耶和华。Keep My statutes and My judgments, for the man who does these things will live by them. I am the LORD.
禁止乱伦
6“你们都不可露的下体,亲近他们。我是耶和华。None of you are to approach any close relative to have sexual relations. I am the LORD.
7不可露你母亲的,羞辱了你父亲。她是你的母亲,不可露她的下体。You must not expose the nakedness of your father by having sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; you must not have sexual relations with her.
8不可露你继母的下体;这本是你父亲的下体。You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife; it would dishonor your father.
9你的姊妹,不拘是异母同父的,是异父同母的,无论是生在家生在外的,都不可露她们的下体。You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.
10不可露你孙女或是外孙女的下体,露了她们的下体就是露了自己的下体。You must not have sexual relations with your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter, for that would shame your family.
11你继母从你父亲生的女儿本是你的妹妹,不可露她的下体。You must not have sexual relations with the daughter of your father’s wife, born to your father; she is your sister.
12不可露你姑母的下体;她是你父亲的骨肉之亲。You must not have sexual relations with your father’s sister; she is your father’s close relative.
13不可露你姨母的下体;她是你母亲的骨肉之亲。You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister, for she is your mother’s close relative.
14不可亲近你伯叔之妻,羞辱了你伯叔;她是你的伯叔母。You must not dishonor your father’s brother by approaching his wife to have sexual relations with her; she is your aunt.
15不可露你儿妇的下体;她是你儿子的妻,不可露她的下体。You must not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife; you are not to have sexual relations with her.
16不可露你弟兄妻子的下体;这本是你弟兄的下体。You must not have sexual relations with your brother’s wife; that would shame your brother.
17不可露了妇人的下体,又露她女儿的下体,也不可娶她孙女或是外孙女,露她们的下体;她们是骨肉之亲,这本是大恶。You must not have sexual relations with both a woman and her daughter. You are not to marry her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter and have sexual relations with her. They are close relatives; it is depraved.
18你妻还在的时候,不可另娶她的姊妹作,露她的下体。You must not take your wife’s sister as a rival wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is still alive.
其他禁止的行为与摩洛祭
19“女人行经不洁净的时候,不可露她的下体,与她亲近。You must not approach a woman to have sexual relations with her during her menstrual period.
20不可与邻舍的妻行淫,玷污自己。You must not lie carnally with your neighbor’s wife and thus defile yourself with her.
21不可使你的儿女经火归与,也不可亵渎你 神的名。我是耶和华。You must not give any of your children to be sacrificed to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.
22不可与男人苟合,像与女人一样;这本是可憎恶的。You must not lie with a man as with a woman; that is an abomination.
23不可与兽淫合,玷污自己。女人也不可站在兽前,与它淫合;这本是逆性的事。You must not lie carnally with any animal, thus defiling yourself with it; a woman must not stand before an animal to mate with it; that is a perversion.
地要吐出污秽的居民
24“在这一切的事上,你们都不可玷污自己;因为我在你们面前所逐出的列邦,在这一切的事上玷污了自己;Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for by all these things the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves.
25连地也玷污了,所以我追讨那地的罪孽,那地也它的居民。Even the land has become defiled, so I am punishing it for its sin, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants.
26故此,你们要守我的律例典章。这一切可憎恶的事,无论是本地人,是寄居在你们中间的外人,都不可行,But you are to keep My statutes and ordinances, and you must not commit any of these abominations—neither your native-born nor the foreigner who lives among you.
27(在你们以先居住那地的人行了这一切可憎恶的事,地就玷污了,)For the men who were in the land before you committed all these abominations, and the land has become defiled.
28免得你们玷污那地的时候,地就把你们吐出,像吐出在你们以先的国民一样。So if you defile the land, it will vomit you out as it spewed out the nations before you.
29无论什么人,行了其中可憎的一件事,必从民中剪除。Therefore anyone who commits any of these abominations must be cut off from among his people.
30所以,你们要守我所吩咐的,免得你们随从那些可憎的恶俗,就是在你们以先的人所常行的,以致玷污了自己。我是耶和华—你们的 神。”You must keep My charge not to practice any of the abominable customs that were practiced before you, so that you do not defile yourselves by them. I am the LORD your God.”
利未记 第 19 章
你们要圣洁
1耶和华对摩西说:Then the LORD said to Moses,
2“你晓谕以色列全会众说:你们要圣洁,因为我耶和华—你们的 神是圣洁的。“Speak to the whole congregation of Israel and tell them: Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy.
3你们各人都当孝敬父母,也要守我的安息日。我是耶和华—你们的 神。Each of you must respect his mother and father, and you must keep My Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.
4你们不可偏向虚无的神,也不可为自己铸造神像。我是耶和华—你们的 神。Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods. I am the LORD your God.
5“你们献平安祭给耶和华的时候,要献得可蒙悦纳。When you sacrifice a peace offering to the LORD, you shall offer it for your acceptance.
6这祭物要在献的那一天和第二天吃,若有剩到第三天的,就必用火焚烧。It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the next day; but what remains on the third day must be burned up.
7第三天若再吃,这就为可憎恶的,必不蒙悦纳。If any of it is eaten on the third day, it is tainted and will not be accepted.
8凡吃的人必担当他的罪孽;因为他亵渎了耶和华的圣物,那人必从民中剪除。Whoever eats it will bear his iniquity, for he has profaned what is holy to the LORD. That person must be cut off from his people.
留下田角给穷人
9“在你们的地收割庄稼,不可割尽,也不可拾取所遗落的。When you reap the harvest of your land, you are not to reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.
10不可摘尽葡萄园的果子,也不可拾取葡萄园所掉的果子;要留给穷人和寄居的。我是耶和华你—们的 神。You must not strip your vineyard bare or gather its fallen grapes. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the LORD your God.
诚实与公正
11“你们不可偷盗,不可欺骗,也不可彼此说谎。You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.
12不可指着我的名起假誓,亵渎你 神的名。我是耶和华。You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.
13“不可欺压你的邻舍,也不可抢夺他的物。,不可在你那里过夜,留到早晨。You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.
14不可咒骂聋子,也不可将放在瞎子面前,只要敬畏你的 神。我是耶和华。You must not curse the deaf or place a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God. I am the LORD.
15“你们施行审判,不可行不义;不可偏护穷人,也不可重看有势力的人,只要按着公义审判你的邻舍。You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly.
16不可在民中往来,也不可与邻舍为敌,置之于死(原文是流他的血)。我是耶和华。You must not go about spreading slander among your people. You must not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am the LORD.
要爱人如己
17“不可心里恨你的弟兄;总要你的邻舍,免得因他担罪。You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor, so that you will not incur guilt on account of him.
18不可报仇,也不可埋怨你本国的子民,却要爱人如己。我是耶和华。Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.
不可搀杂
19“你们要守我的律例。不可叫你的牲畜与异类配合;不可用两样的种种你的地,也不可用两样搀杂的料做衣服穿在身上。You are to keep My statutes. You shall not crossbreed two different kinds of livestock; you shall not sow your fields with two kinds of seed; and you shall not wear clothing made of two kinds of material.
20“婢女许配了丈夫,还没有被赎、得释放,人若与她行淫,二人要受刑罚,却不把他们治死,因为婢女还没有得自由。If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.
21那人要把赎愆祭,就是一只公绵羊牵到会幕门口、耶和华面前。The man, however, must bring a ram to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting as his guilt offering to the LORD.
22祭司要用赎愆祭的羊在耶和华面前赎他所犯的罪,他的罪就必蒙赦免。The priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the LORD with the ram of the guilt offering for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven the sin he has committed.
23“你们到了迦南地,栽种各样结果子的树木,就要以所结的果子如未受割礼的一样。三年之久,你们要以这些果子,如未受割礼的,是不可吃的。When you enter the land and plant any kind of tree for food, you shall regard the fruit as forbidden. For three years it will be forbidden to you and must not be eaten.
24但第四年所结的果子全要成为圣,用以赞美耶和华。In the fourth year all its fruit must be consecrated as a praise offering to the LORD.
25第五年,你们要吃那树上的果子,好叫树给你们结果子更多。我是耶和华—你们的 神。But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit; thus your harvest will be increased. I am the LORD your God.
不可用法术,不可在身上划刺
26“你们不可吃带血的物;不可用法术,也不可观兆。You must not eat anything with blood still in it. You must not practice divination or sorcery.
27(或译:两鬓)不可剃,胡须的周围也不可损坏。You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard.
28不可为死人用刀划身,也不可在身上刺花纹。我是耶和华。You must not make any cuts in your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the LORD.
29“不可辱没你的女儿,使她为娼妓,恐怕地上的人专向淫乱,地就满了大恶。You must not defile your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the land will be prostituted and filled with depravity.
30你们要守我的安息日,敬我的圣所。我是耶和华。You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD.
31“不可偏向那些;不可求问他们,以致被他们玷污了。我是耶和华—你们的 神。You must not turn to mediums or spiritists; do not seek them out, or you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.
尊敬老人、善待外人、公道秤
32“在白发的人面前,你要站起来;也要尊敬老人,又要敬畏你的 神。我是耶和华。You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged, and fear your God. I am the LORD.
33“若有外人在你们国中和你同居,就不可欺负他。When a foreigner resides with you in your land, you must not oppress him.
34和你们同居的外人,你们要看他如本地人一样,并要爱他如己,因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的。我是耶和华—你们的 神。You must treat the foreigner living among you as native-born and love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.
35“你们施行审判,不可行不义;在尺、秤、升、斗上也是如此。You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume.
36要用公道天平、公道、公道升斗、公道秤。我是耶和华—你们的 神,曾把你们从埃及地领出来的。You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
37你们要谨守遵行我一切的律例典章。我是耶和华。”You must keep all My statutes and all My ordinances and follow them. I am the LORD.”
利未记 第 20 章
献儿女给摩洛的刑罚
1耶和华对摩西说:Then the LORD said to Moses,
2“你还要晓谕以色列人说:凡以色列人,或是在以色列中寄居的外人,把自己的儿女献给摩洛的,总要治死他;本地人要用石头把他打死。“Tell the Israelites, ‘Any Israelite or foreigner living in Israel who gives any of his children to Molech must be put to death. The people of the land are to stone him.
3我也要向那人变脸,把他从民中剪除;因为他把儿女献给摩洛,玷污我的圣所,亵渎我的圣名。And I will set My face against that man and cut him off from his people, because by giving his offspring to Molech, he has defiled My sanctuary and profaned My holy name.
4那人把儿女献给摩洛,本地人若,不把他治死,And if the people of the land ever hide their eyes and fail to put to death the man who gives one of his children to Molech,
5我就要向这人和他的家变脸,把他和一切随他与摩洛行邪淫的人都从民中剪除。then I will set My face against that man and his family and cut off from among their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves with Molech.
6“人偏向交鬼的和行巫术的,随他们行邪淫,我要向那人变脸,把他从民中剪除。Whoever turns to mediums or spiritists to prostitute himself with them, I will also set My face against that person and cut him off from his people.
7所以你们要自洁成圣,因为我是耶和华—你们的 神。Consecrate yourselves, therefore, and be holy, because I am the LORD your God.
8你们要谨守遵行我的律例;我是叫你们成圣的耶和华。And you shall keep My statutes and practice them. I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
咒骂父母与淫乱的刑罚
9凡咒骂父母的,总要治死他;他咒骂了父母,他的罪(原文是血;本章同)要归到他身上。If anyone curses his father or mother, he must be put to death. He has cursed his father or mother; his blood shall be upon him.
10“与邻舍之妻行淫的,奸夫淫妇都必治死。If a man commits adultery with another man’s wife—with the wife of his neighbor—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death.
11与继母行淫的,就是羞辱了他父亲,总要把他们二人治死,罪要归到他们身上。If a man lies with his father’s wife, he has uncovered his father’s nakedness. Both must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.
12与儿妇同房的,总要把他们二人治死;他们行了逆伦的事,罪要归到他们身上。If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both must surely be put to death. They have acted perversely; their blood is upon them.
13人若与男人苟合,像与女人一样,他们二人行了可憎的事,总要把他们治死,罪要归到他们身上。If a man lies with a man as with a woman, they have both committed an abomination. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.
14人若娶妻,并娶其母,便是大恶,要把这三人用火焚烧,使你们中间免去大恶。If a man marries both a woman and her mother, it is depraved. Both he and they must be burned in the fire, so that there will be no depravity among you.
15人若与兽淫合,总要治死他,也要杀那兽。If a man lies carnally with an animal, he must be put to death. And you are also to kill the animal.
16女人若与兽亲近,与它淫合,你要杀那女人和那兽,总要把他们治死,罪要归到他们身上。If a woman approaches any animal to mate with it, you must kill both the woman and the animal. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.
17“人若娶他的姊妹,无论是异母同父的,是异父同母的,彼此见了下体,这是可耻的事;他们必在本民的眼前被剪除。他露了姊妹的下体,必担当自己的罪孽。If a man marries his sister, whether the daughter of his father or of his mother, and they have sexual relations, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of their people. He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister; he shall bear his iniquity.
18妇人有月经,若与她同房,露了她的下体,就是露了妇人的血源,妇人也露了自己的血源,二人必从民中剪除。If a man lies with a menstruating woman and has sexual relations with her, he has exposed the source of her flow, and she has uncovered the source of her blood. Both of them must be cut off from among their people.
19不可露姨母或是姑母的下体,这是露了骨肉之亲的下体;二人必担当自己的罪孽。You must not have sexual relations with the sister of your mother or your father, for it is exposing one’s own kin; both shall bear their iniquity.
20人若与伯叔之妻同房,就羞辱了他的伯叔;二人要担当自己的罪,必无子女而死。If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered the nakedness of his uncle. They will bear their sin; they shall die childless.
21人若娶弟兄之妻,这本是污秽的事,羞辱了他的弟兄;二人必无子女。If a man marries his brother’s wife, it is an act of impurity. He has uncovered the nakedness of his brother; they shall be childless.
要与万民有分别
22“所以,你们要谨守遵行我一切的律例典章,免得我领你们去住的那地把你们吐出。You are therefore to keep all My statutes and ordinances, so that the land where I am bringing you to live will not vomit you out.
23我在你们面前所逐出的国民,你们不可随从他们的风俗;因为他们行了这一切的事,所以我厌恶他们。You must not follow the statutes of the nations I am driving out before you. Because they did all these things, I abhorred them.
24但我对你们说过,你们要承受他们的地,就是我要赐给你们为业、流奶与蜜之地。我是耶和华—你们的 神,使你们与万民有分别的。But I have told you that you will inherit their land, since I will give it to you as an inheritance—a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the LORD your God, who has set you apart from the peoples.
25所以,你们要把洁净和不洁净的禽兽分别出来;不可因我给你们分为不洁净的禽兽,或是滋生在地上的活物,使自己成为可憎恶的。You are therefore to distinguish between clean and unclean animals and birds. Do not become contaminated by any animal or bird, or by anything that crawls on the ground; I have set these apart as unclean for you.
26你们要归我为圣,因为我—耶和华是圣的,并叫你们与万民有分别,使你们作我的民。You are to be holy to Me because I, the LORD, am holy, and I have set you apart from the nations to be My own.
27“无论男女,是交鬼的或行巫术的,总要治死他们。人必用石头把他们打死,罪要归到他们身上。”A man or a woman who is a medium or spiritist must surely be put to death. They shall be stoned; their blood is upon them.’”
摘要
利未记18至20章记载耶和华颁布圣洁法典,涵盖性伦理禁令、社会公义准则与刑罚条例。第18章禁止乱伦、献儿女给摩洛、同性性行为及人兽交合等迦南恶俗;第19章以“你们要圣洁”为核心,教导孝敬父母、留穗济贫、诚实公义、爱人如己、尊敬长者及善待寄居者等日常生活律例;第20章则列明违反这些律例的具体刑罚,强调以色列民要与列国有分别,归耶和华为圣洁的子民。
反思问题
- 神反复宣告“我是耶和华你们的神”,这句话如何成为遵行诫命的根本动机?在你的生活中,“神是谁”这个认知如何影响你的道德抉择?
- 第19章涵盖对穷人的关怀、诚实经商、公正审判与爱邻舍如己——这些律例显示圣洁不仅是礼仪层面,更是社会层面的。你目前的生活中,哪个领域最需要活出这种实际的圣洁?
- 神要求以色列人与迦南列国的风俗有分别。身处当今文化中,你如何分辨哪些是需要抵挡的世俗价值观,同时又不落入自义或与人隔绝的陷阱?
新约马可福音 2:1–3:6
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():耶稣在迦百农的会堂赶出污鬼,医好西门的岳母和许多病人;天未亮就到旷野祷告,然后往各乡村传道。最后祂伸手摸一个长大痲疯的人,使他洁净。
今天你会读到
耶稣赦免瘫子的罪,又叫他起来行走;呼召税吏利未,和税吏、罪人一同吃饭;回答为甚么门徒不禁食;为门徒在安息日掐麦穗辩护;最后在安息日医好一个枯干了手的人。法利赛人开始商议要除灭祂。
阅读小提示
有五段冲突,反对一段比一段强烈:从文士心里议论(),到质问门徒和耶稣(、、),再到窥探耶稣(),最后商议怎样除灭祂()。
点时代可看说明
耶稣在加利利传道的早期,约在主后 28 年;宗教领袖的敌意已经开始出现。
马可福音 第 2 章
四个人拆房顶抬来瘫子
1过了些日子,耶稣又进了迦百农。人听见他在房子里,A few days later Jesus went back to Capernaum. And when the people heard that He was home,
2就有许多人聚集,甚至连门前都没有空地;耶稣就对他们讲道。they gathered in such large numbers that there was no more room, not even outside the door, as Jesus spoke the word to them.
3有人带着一个瘫子来见耶稣,是用四个人抬来的;Then a paralytic was brought to Him, carried by four men.
4因为人多,不得近前,就把耶稣所在的房子,拆了房顶,既拆通了,就把瘫子连所躺卧的都下来。Since they were unable to get to Jesus through the crowd, they uncovered the roof above Him, made an opening, and lowered the paralytic on his mat.
5耶稣见他们的信心,就对瘫子说:“,你的罪赦了。”When Jesus saw their faith, He said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven.”
谁能赦罪
6有几个文士坐在那里,心里议论,说:But some of the scribes were sitting there and thinking in their hearts,
7“这个人为什么这样说呢?他说的话了。除了 神以外,谁能赦罪呢?”“Why does this man speak like this? He is blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?”
8耶稣心中知道他们心里这样议论,就说:“你们心里为什么这样议论呢?At once Jesus knew in His spirit that they were thinking this way within themselves. “Why are you thinking these things in your hearts?” He asked.
9或对瘫子说‘你的罪赦了’,或说‘起来!拿你的褥子行走’;哪一样容易呢?“Which is easier: to say to a paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Get up, pick up your mat, and walk’?
10但要叫你们知道,人子在地上有赦罪的权柄。”就对瘫子说:But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins...” He said to the paralytic,
11“我吩咐你,起来!拿你的褥子回家去吧。”“I tell you, get up, pick up your mat, and go home.”
12那人就起来,立刻拿着褥子,当众人面前出去了,以致众人都惊奇,归荣耀与 神,说:“我们从来没有见过这样的事!”And immediately the man got up, picked up his mat, and walked out in front of them all. As a result, they were all astounded and glorified God, saying, “We have never seen anything like this!”
呼召利未
13耶稣又出到海边去,众人都就了他来,他便教训他们。Once again Jesus went out beside the sea. All the people came to Him, and He taught them there.
14耶稣经过的时候,看见亚勒腓的儿子坐在上,就对他说:“你跟从我来。”他就起来,跟从了耶稣。As He was walking along, He saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth. “Follow Me,” He told him, and Levi got up and followed Him.
与税吏和罪人一同吃饭
15耶稣在利未家里坐席的时候,有好些税吏和罪人与耶稣并门徒一同坐席;因为这样的人多,他们也跟随耶稣。While Jesus was dining at Levi’s house, many tax collectors and sinners were eating with Him and His disciples—for there were many who followed Him.
16中的文士(有古卷:文士和法利赛人)看见耶稣和罪人并税吏一同吃饭,就对他门徒说:“他和税吏并罪人一同吃喝吗?”When the scribes who were Pharisees saw Jesus eating with these people, they asked His disciples, “Why does He eat with tax collectors and sinners?”
17耶稣听见,就对他们说:“康健的人用不着医生,有病的人才用得着。我来本不是召义人,乃是召罪人。”On hearing this, Jesus told them, “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.”
禁食的问题
18当下,约翰的门徒和法利赛人禁食。他们来问耶稣说:“约翰的门徒和法利赛人的门徒禁食,你的门徒倒不禁食,这是为什么呢?”Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, “Why don’t Your disciples fast like John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees?”
19耶稣对他们说:“新郎和同在的时候,陪伴之人岂能禁食呢?新郎还同在,他们不能禁食。Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them? As long as He is with them, they cannot fast.
20但日子将到,新郎要离开他们,那日他们就要禁食。But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.
新布与新酒
21没有人把新布缝在旧衣服上,恐怕所补上的新布带坏了旧衣服,破的就更大了。No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment. If he does, the new piece will pull away from the old, and a worse tear will result.
22也没有人把新酒装在里,恐怕酒把皮袋裂开,酒和皮袋就都坏了;惟把新酒装在新皮袋里。”And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the wineskins will be ruined. Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.”
安息日掐麦穗
23耶稣当安息日从麦地经过。他门徒行路的时候,了麦穗。One Sabbath Jesus was passing through the grainfields, and His disciples began to pick the heads of grain as they walked along.
24法利赛人对耶稣说:“看哪,他们在安息日为什么做不可做的事呢?”So the Pharisees said to Him, “Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?”
25耶稣对他们说:“经上记着大卫和跟从他的人缺乏饥饿之时所做的事,你们没有念过吗?Jesus replied, “Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need?
26他当作大祭司的时候,怎么进了 神的殿,吃了,又给跟从他的人吃。这饼除了祭司以外,人都不可吃。”During the high priesthood of Abiathar, he entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which was lawful only for the priests. And he gave some to his companions as well.”
安息日是为人设立的
27又对他们说:“安息日是为人设立的,人不是为安息日设立的。Then Jesus declared, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.
28所以,人子也是安息日的主。”Therefore, the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”
马可福音 第 3 章
安息日医好枯干的手
1耶稣又进了会堂,在那里有一个人枯干了一只手。Once again Jesus entered the synagogue, and a man with a withered hand was there.
2众人耶稣,在安息日医治不医治,意思是要控告耶稣。In order to accuse Jesus, they were watching to see if He would heal on the Sabbath.
3耶稣对那枯干一只手的人说:“起来,站在当中。”Then Jesus said to the man with the withered hand, “Stand up among us.”
4又问众人说:“在安息日行善行恶,救命害命,哪样是可以的呢?”他们都不作声。And He asked them, “Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?” But they were silent.
5耶稣他们,忧愁他们的心,就对那人说:“伸出手来!”他把手一伸,手就。Jesus looked around at them with anger and sorrow at their hardness of heart. Then He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” So he stretched it out, and it was restored.
法利赛人商议除灭耶稣
6法利赛人出去,同商议怎样可以除灭耶稣。At this, the Pharisees went out and began plotting with the Herodians how they might kill Jesus.
摘要
马可福音2至3章记载耶稣在加利利事工初期的一系列事迹与冲突。耶稣赦免并医治瘫子、呼召税吏利未、与罪人同席、回应禁食与安息日的质疑,展现祂作为人子拥有赦罪权柄,并带来超越旧有宗教框架的新约恩典。第3章耶稣设立十二使徒、驳斥文士指控祂靠鬼王赶鬼的谬论、警告亵渎圣灵的罪,并重新定义属灵家人——凡遵行神旨意的人就是祂的弟兄姊妹和母亲。
反思问题
- 四个人拆屋顶把瘫子带到耶稣面前,展现了突破障碍的信心与行动。在你的信仰生活中,是否有需要更积极、更有创意地将自己或他人带到主面前的时刻?
- 耶稣说“康健的人用不着医生,有病的人才用得着”,又与税吏罪人同席。这对你理解教会的使命和你个人与“不同群体”的相处方式有什么启发?
- 耶稣宣告“凡遵行神旨意的人就是我的弟兄姊妹和母亲”,将属灵关系置于血缘之上。这如何挑战或鼓励你看待教会群体中的关系,以及你对“遵行神旨意”的委身程度?