旧约出埃及记 31:1–33:23
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():神吩咐用七天的礼仪使亚伦和他儿子承接圣职,又规定每天早晚献羊羔为燔祭,并说“我要住在以色列人中间,作他们的 神”。接着是香坛、每人半舍客勒的赎价、铜洗濯盆,以及圣膏油和圣香的做法。
今天你会读到
神拣选比撒列和亚何利亚伯制作圣所,并以安息日为立约的证据。山下的百姓却等不及摩西,要亚伦铸了一只金牛犊来拜。摩西为百姓代求,下山摔碎法版,约有三千人被杀。神说不再亲自同去,摩西再三恳求,神应允同行,并答应让摩西看见祂的背。
阅读小提示
留意摩西的代求():他不是靠百姓有甚么好行为,而是求神顾念自己在埃及人眼前的名声,并记念对亚伯拉罕、以撒、以色列的应许。后来他甚至求神从册上涂抹自己的名()。
点时代可看说明
金牛犊事件发生在西奈山下,就在以色列人与神立约之后不久。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
出埃及记 第 31 章
神拣选比撒列和亚何利亚伯
1耶和华晓谕摩西说:Then the LORD said to Moses,
2“看哪,犹大支派中,户珥的孙子、乌利的儿子,我已经召他。“See, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah.
3我也以我的灵充满了他,使他有智慧,有聪明,有知识,能做各样的工,And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship,
4能想出巧工,用金、银、铜制造各物,to design artistic works in gold, silver, and bronze,
5又能刻宝石,可以镶嵌,能雕刻木头,能做各样的工。to cut gemstones for settings, and to carve wood, so that he may be a master of every craft.
6我分派但支派中、亚希撒抹的儿子亚何利亚伯与他同工。凡心里有智慧的,我更使他们有智慧,能做我一切所吩咐的,Moreover, I have selected Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, as his assistant. I have also given skill to all the craftsmen, that they may fashion all that I have commanded you:
7就是会幕和法柜,并其上的施恩座,与会幕中一切的器具,the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the Testimony and the mercy seat upon it, and all the other furnishings of the tent—
8桌子和桌子的器具,精金的灯台和灯台的一切器具并香坛,the table with its utensils, the pure gold lampstand with all its utensils, the altar of incense,
9燔祭坛和坛的一切器具,并洗濯盆与盆座,the altar of burnt offering with all its utensils, and the basin with its stand—
10精工做的礼服,和祭司亚伦并他儿子用以供祭司职分的圣衣,as well as the woven garments, both the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to serve as priests,
11膏油和为圣所用馨香的香料。他们都要照我一切所吩咐的去做。”in addition to the anointing oil and fragrant incense for the Holy Place. They are to make them according to all that I have commanded you.”
安息日是立约的证据
12耶和华晓谕摩西说:And the LORD said to Moses,
13“你要吩咐以色列人说:‘你们务要守我的安息日;因为这是你我之间世世代代的证据,使你们知道我—耶和华是叫你们成为圣的。“Tell the Israelites, ‘Surely you must keep My Sabbaths, for this will be a sign between Me and you for the generations to come, so that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
14所以你们要守安息日,以为圣日。凡干犯这日的,必要把他治死;凡在这日做工的,必从民中剪除。Keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Anyone who profanes it must surely be put to death. Whoever does any work on that day must be cut off from among his people.
15六日要做工,但第七日是安息圣日,是向耶和华守为圣的。凡在安息日做工的,必要把他治死。’For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.
16故此,以色列人要世世代代守安息日为永远的约。The Israelites must keep the Sabbath, celebrating it as a permanent covenant for the generations to come.
17这是我和以色列人永远的证据;因为六日之内耶和华造天地,第七日便安息舒畅。”It is a sign between Me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, but on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’”
神用指头写的石版
18耶和华在西奈山和摩西说完了话,就把两块交给他,是 神用指头写的石版。When the LORD had finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone inscribed by the finger of God.
出埃及记 第 32 章
亚伦铸金牛犊
1百姓见摩西迟延不下山,就大家聚集到亚伦那里,对他说:“起来!为我们做神像,可以在我们前面引路;因为领我们出埃及地的那个摩西,我们不知道他遭了什么事。”Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!”
2亚伦对他们说:“你们去摘下你们妻子、儿女耳上的金环,拿来给我。”So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold earrings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me.”
3百姓就都摘下他们耳上的金环,拿来给亚伦。Then all the people took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron.
4亚伦从他们手里接过来,铸了一只,用雕刻的器具做成。他们就说:“以色列啊,这是领你出埃及地的 神。”He took the gold from their hands, and with an engraving tool he fashioned it into a molten calf. And they said, “These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!”
5亚伦看见,就在牛犊面前筑坛,且宣告说:“明日要向耶和华守节。”When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before the calf and proclaimed: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.”
6次日清早,百姓起来献燔祭和平安祭,就坐下吃喝,起来。So the next day they arose, offered burnt offerings, and presented peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.
神发怒,摩西代求
7耶和华吩咐摩西说:“下去吧,因为你的百姓,就是你从埃及地领出来的,已经败坏了。Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go down at once, for your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.
8他们快快偏离了我所吩咐的道,为自己铸了一只牛犊,向它下拜献祭,说:‘以色列啊,这就是领你出埃及地的神。’”How quickly they have turned aside from the way that I commanded them! They have made for themselves a molten calf and have bowed down to it. They have sacrificed to it and said, ‘These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’”
9耶和华对摩西说:“我看这百姓真是的百姓。The LORD also said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people.
10你且由着我,我要向他们发烈怒,将他们灭绝,使你的后裔成为大国。”Now leave Me alone, so that My anger may burn against them and consume them. Then I will make you into a great nation.”
11摩西便恳求耶和华—他的 神说:“耶和华啊,你为什么向你的百姓发烈怒呢?这百姓是你用大力和大能的手从埃及地领出来的。But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God, saying, “O LORD, why does Your anger burn against Your people, whom You brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand?
12为什么使埃及人议论说‘他领他们出去,是要降祸与他们,把他们杀在山中,将他们从地上除灭’?求你转意,不发你的烈怒,,不降祸与你的百姓。Why should the Egyptians declare, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and wipe them from the face of the earth’? Turn from Your fierce anger and relent from doing harm to Your people.
13求你记念你的仆人亚伯拉罕、以撒、以色列。你曾指着自己起誓说:‘我必使你们的后裔像天上的星那样多,并且我所应许的这全地,必给你们的后裔,他们要永远承受为业。’”Remember Your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, to whom You swore by Your very self when You declared, ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give your descendants all this land that I have promised, and it shall be their inheritance forever.’”
14于是耶和华后悔,不把所说的祸降与他的百姓。So the LORD relented from the calamity He had threatened to bring on His people.
摩西摔碎法版
15摩西转身下山,手里拿着两块法版。这版是两面写的,这面那面都有字,Then Moses turned and went down the mountain with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front and back.
16是 神的工作,字是 神写的,刻在版上。The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets.
17约书亚一听见百姓呼喊的声音,就对摩西说:“在营里有争战的声音。”When Joshua heard the sound of the people shouting, he said to Moses, “The sound of war is in the camp.”
18摩西说:“这不是人打胜仗的声音,也不是人打败仗的声音,我所听见的乃是人歌唱的声音。”But Moses replied: “It is neither the cry of victory nor the cry of defeat; I hear the sound of singing!”
19摩西挨近营前就看见牛犊,又看见人跳舞,便发烈怒,把两块版扔在山下摔碎了,As Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, he burned with anger and threw the tablets out of his hands, shattering them at the base of the mountain.
20又将他们所铸的牛犊用火焚烧,磨得粉碎,撒在水面上,叫以色列人喝。Then he took the calf they had made, burned it in the fire, ground it to powder, and scattered the powder over the face of the water. Then he forced the Israelites to drink it.
亚伦的推托
21摩西对亚伦说:“这百姓向你做了什么?你竟使他们陷在大罪里!”“What did this people do to you,” Moses asked Aaron, “that you have led them into so great a sin?”
22亚伦说:“求我主不要发烈怒。这百姓专于作恶,是你知道的。“Do not be enraged, my lord,” Aaron replied. “You yourself know that the people are intent on evil.
23他们对我说:‘你为我们做神像,可以在我们前面引路;因为领我们出埃及地的那个摩西,我们不知道他遭了什么事。’They told me, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!’
24我对他们说:‘凡有金环的可以摘下来’,他们就给了我。我把金环扔在火中,这牛犊便出来了。”So I said to them, ‘Whoever has gold, let him take it off,’ and they gave it to me. And when I threw it into the fire, out came this calf!”
利未人站在耶和华这边
25摩西见百姓(亚伦纵容他们,使他们在仇敌中间被讥刺),Moses saw that the people were out of control, for Aaron had let them run wild and become a laughingstock to their enemies.
26就站在营门中,说:“凡属耶和华的,都要到我这里来!”于是都到他那里聚集。So Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for the LORD, come to me.” And all the Levites gathered around him.
27他对他们说:“耶和华—以色列的 神这样说:‘你们各人把刀跨在腰间,在营中往来,从这门到那门,各人杀他的弟兄与同伴并邻舍。’”He told them, “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Each of you men is to fasten his sword to his side, go back and forth through the camp from gate to gate, and slay his brother, his friend, and his neighbor.’”
28利未的子孙照摩西的话行了。那一天百姓中被杀的约有三千。The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people fell dead.
29摩西说:“今天你们要自洁,归耶和华为圣,各人攻击他的儿子和弟兄,使耶和华赐福与你们。”Afterward, Moses said, “Today you have been ordained for service to the LORD, since each man went against his son and his brother; so the LORD has bestowed a blessing on you this day.”
摩西愿为百姓被涂抹
30到了第二天,摩西对百姓说:“你们犯了大罪。我如今要上耶和华那里去,或者可以为你们赎罪。”The next day Moses said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.”
31摩西回到耶和华那里,说:“唉!这百姓犯了大罪,为自己做了金像。So Moses returned to the LORD and said, “Oh, what a great sin these people have committed! They have made gods of gold for themselves.
32倘或你肯赦免他们的罪……不然,求你从你所写的上涂抹我的名。”Yet now, if You would only forgive their sin.... But if not, please blot me out of the book that You have written.”
33耶和华对摩西说:“谁得罪我,我就从我的册上涂抹谁的名。The LORD replied to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot out of My book.
34现在你去领这百姓,往我所告诉你的地方去,我的使者必在你前面引路;只是到我追讨的日子,我必追讨他们的罪。”Now go, lead the people to the place I described. Behold, My angel shall go before you. But on the day I settle accounts, I will punish them for their sin.”
35耶和华杀百姓的缘故是因他们同亚伦做了牛犊。And the LORD sent a plague on the people because of what they had done with the calf that Aaron had made.
出埃及记 第 33 章
神说不亲自同去
1耶和华吩咐摩西说:“我曾起誓应许亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各说:‘要将迦南地赐给你的后裔。’现在你和你从埃及地所领出来的百姓,要从这里往那地去。Then the LORD said to Moses, “Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of the land of Egypt, and go to the land that I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob when I said, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’
2我要差遣使者在你前面,撵出迦南人、亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人,And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
3领你到那流奶与蜜之地。我自己不同你们上去;因为你们是硬着颈项的百姓,恐怕我在路上把你们灭绝。”Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people; otherwise, I might destroy you on the way.”
4百姓听见这就悲哀,也没有人佩戴妆饰。When the people heard this bad news, they went into mourning, and no one put on any of his jewelry.
5耶和华对摩西说:“你告诉以色列人说:‘耶和华说:你们是硬着颈项的百姓,我若临到你们中间,必灭绝你们。现在你们要把身上的妆饰摘下来,使我可以知道怎样待你们。’”For the LORD had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I should go with you for a single moment, I would destroy you. Now take off your jewelry, and I will decide what to do with you.’”
6以色列人从住何烈山以后,就把身上的妆饰摘得干净。So the Israelites stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.
营外的会幕
7摩西素常将帐棚支搭在营外,离营却远,他称这帐棚为。凡求问耶和华的,就到营外的会幕那里去。Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it at a distance outside the camp. He called it the Tent of Meeting, and anyone inquiring of the LORD would go to the Tent of Meeting outside the camp.
8当摩西出营到会幕去的时候,百姓就都起来,各人站在自己帐棚的门口,望着摩西,直等到他进了会幕。Then, whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people would stand at the entrances to their own tents and watch Moses until he entered the tent.
9摩西进会幕的时候,云柱降下来,立在会幕的门前,耶和华便与摩西说话。As Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would come down and remain at the entrance, and the LORD would speak with Moses.
10众百姓看见云柱立在会幕门前,就都起来,各人在自己帐棚的门口下拜。When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they would stand up and worship, each one at the entrance to his own tent.
11耶和华与摩西说话,好像人与朋友说话一般。摩西转到营里去,惟有他的帮手—一个少年人嫩的儿子约书亚不离开会幕。Thus the LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young assistant Joshua son of Nun would not leave the tent.
求你与我们同去
12摩西对耶和华说:“你吩咐我说:‘将这百姓领上去’,却没有叫我知道你要打发谁与我同去,只说:‘我按你的名认识你,你在我眼前也蒙了恩。’Then Moses said to the LORD, “Look, You have been telling me, ‘Lead this people up,’ but You have not let me know whom You will send with me. Yet You have said, ‘I know you by name, and you have found favor in My sight.’
13我如今若在你眼前蒙恩,求你将你的道指示我,使我可以认识你,好在你眼前蒙恩。求你想到这民是你的民。”Now if indeed I have found favor in Your sight, please let me know Your ways, that I may know You and find favor in Your sight. Remember that this nation is Your people.”
14耶和华说:“我必亲自和你同去,使你得安息。”And the LORD answered, “My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”
15摩西说:“你若不亲自和我同去,就不要把我们从这里领上去。“If Your Presence does not go with us,” Moses replied, “do not lead us up from here.
16人在何事上得以知道我和你的百姓在你眼前蒙恩呢?岂不是因你与我们同去、使我和你的百姓与地上的万民有分别吗?”For how then can it be known that Your people and I have found favor in Your sight, unless You go with us? How else will we be distinguished from all the other people on the face of the earth?”
17耶和华对摩西说:“你这所求的我也要行;因为你在我眼前蒙了恩,并且我按你的名认识你。”So the LORD said to Moses, “I will do this very thing you have asked, for you have found favor in My sight, and I know you by name.”
求你显出你的荣耀
18摩西说:“求你显出你的荣耀给我看。”Then Moses said, “Please show me Your glory.”
19耶和华说:“我要显我一切的恩慈,在你面前经过,宣告我的名。;要怜悯谁就怜悯谁”;“I will cause all My goodness to pass before you,” the LORD replied, “and I will proclaim My name—the LORD—in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”
20又说:“你不能看见我的面,因为人见我的面不能存活。”But He added, “You cannot see My face, for no one can see Me and live.”
21耶和华说:“看哪,在我这里有地方,你要站在磐石上。The LORD continued, “There is a place near Me where you are to stand upon a rock,
22我的荣耀经过的时候,我必将你放在中,用我的手遮掩你,等我过去,and when My glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock and cover you with My hand until I have passed by.
23然后我要将我的手收回,你就得见我的背,却不得见我的面。”Then I will take My hand away, and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen.”
摘要
神呼召比撒列与亚何利亚伯,以圣灵充满他们,赐下智慧与技能来建造会幕及一切器具,并重申安息日为神与以色列人之间永远的约。然而百姓趁摩西在山上迟延,便催促亚伦铸造金牛犊来拜,严重违背了与神所立的约;摩西为百姓代求,神虽免去灭绝之祸,仍施行审判。金牛犊事件后,神宣告不亲自与硬着颈项的百姓同行,摩西恳切求神同在,神应允并在磐石穴中向摩西显出祂的荣耀与恩慈。
反思问题
- 神赐比撒列智慧与技能来服事祂的计划;你是否认出神赐给你的恩赐,并将它们用在荣耀神的事上?
- 以色列人在等候中失去耐心,转向偶像;当你在祷告或等候神回应的过程中感到焦虑时,你通常用什么方式面对?
- 摩西宁愿自己被涂抹也要为百姓代求,这种舍己的代祷精神如何激励你为身边的人向神恳求?
新约马太福音 24:32–51
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():耶稣预言圣殿将被拆毁,在橄榄山上回答门徒的问题:会有假基督、战争、饥荒和逼迫,要谨慎不被迷惑,“惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救”;最后说到人子要驾着天上的云降临,招聚祂的选民。
今天你会读到
耶稣用无花果树发嫩长叶比喻看见预兆;但那日子、那时辰没有人知道,就像挪亚时代的洪水突然临到。所以要警醒预备,像忠心有见识的仆人,主人甚么时候回来都按时分粮;不要像心里说主人来得迟的恶仆。
阅读小提示
留意 和 –44:耶稣明说那日子“没有人知道”,所以重点不是推算日期,而是每天忠心地警醒、预备。
点时代可看说明
延续橄榄山上的讲论,从预兆转到劝勉门徒警醒预备。
马太福音 第 24 章
无花果树的比方
32“你们可以从学个比方:当树枝的时候,你们就知道夏天近了。Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and sprout leaves, you know that summer is near.
33这样,你们看见这一切的事,也该知道人子近了,正在门口了。So also, when you see all these things, you will know that He is near, right at the door.
34我实在告诉你们,还没有过去,这些事都要成就。Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have happened.
35天地要,我的话却不能废去。”Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.
那日子没有人知道
36“但那日子,那时辰,没有人知道,连天上的使者也不知道,子也不知道,惟独父知道。No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.
像挪亚的日子
37的日子怎样,人子降临也要怎样。As it was in the days of Noah, so will it be at the coming of the Son of Man.
38当洪水以前的日子,人照常吃喝嫁娶,直到挪亚进方舟的那日;For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark.
39洪水来了,把他们全都冲去。人子降临也要这样。And they were oblivious until the flood came and swept them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man.
40那时,两个人在田里,。Two men will be in the field: one will be taken and the other left.
41两个女人,取去一个,撇下一个。Two women will be grinding at the mill: one will be taken and the other left.
要警醒预备
42所以,你们要,因为不知道你们的主是哪一天来到。Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day on which your Lord will come.
43家主若知道有贼来,就必警醒,不容人;这是你们所知道的。But understand this: If the homeowner had known in which watch of the night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into.
44所以,你们也要预备,因为你们想不到的时候,人子就来了。”For this reason, you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour you do not expect.
忠心有见识的仆人
45“谁是忠心的仆人,为主人所派,管理家里的人,按时分粮给他们呢?Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom the master has put in charge of his household, to give the others their food at the proper time?
46主人来到,看见他这样行,那仆人就有福了。Blessed is that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns.
47我实在告诉你们,主人要派他管理一切所有的。Truly I tell you, he will put him in charge of all his possessions.
恶仆的下场
48倘若那恶仆心里说:‘我的主人必来得迟’,But suppose that servant is wicked and says in his heart, ‘My master will be away a long time.’
49就动手打他的同伴,又和酒醉的人一同吃喝。And he begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards.
50在想不到的日子,不知道的时辰,那仆人的主人要来,The master of that servant will come on a day he does not expect and at an hour he does not anticipate.
51他(或译:把他腰斩了),定他和同罪;在那里必要哀哭切齿了。”Then he will cut him to pieces and assign him a place with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
摘要
耶稣用无花果树的比喻教导门徒辨别末世的征兆,强调祂再来的日子无人能知,如同挪亚时代洪水突然临到一样。祂劝诫门徒要时刻警醒预备,并以忠心仆人与恶仆的对比说明:忠心按时分粮的仆人将得主人托付更大的责任,而懈怠放纵的仆人则必受严厉的审判。
反思问题
- 耶稣强调祂再来的时间无人能知,这对你日常生活的优先顺序和态度带来什么提醒?
- 你认为自己目前更像那位忠心按时分粮的仆人,还是心里说‘主人必来得迟’而松懈的仆人?为什么?
- 在充满假教导和迷惑的时代,你如何操练分辨的能力,持守对基督的信心不动摇?