旧约出埃及记 8:20–10:29
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():亚伦的杖变作蛇,吞了术士的杖。接着是头三灾:河水变血、青蛙、虱子。前两灾行法术的也照样做;第三灾他们做不到,只好承认“这是 神的手段”,法老却仍然心里刚硬。
今天你会读到
第四到第九灾接连临到埃及:成群的苍蝇、畜疫、起泡的疮、冰雹、蝗虫、黑暗,神却把以色列人所住的歌珊地分别出来。法老几次答应放人又反悔,一再讨价还价,最后把摩西赶走,不准他再见面。
阅读小提示
留意法老怎样讨价还价:先说“在这地祭祀”(),再说“只是不要走得很远”(),后来只准壮年人去(),最后要羊群牛群留下()。摩西却坚持“连一蹄也不留下”()。
点时代可看说明
提到大麦已经吐穗、小麦还没长成,可见冰雹之灾大约在春天麦收以前;整个十灾经历多长时间,经文没有明说。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
出埃及记 第 8 章
第四灾:成群的苍蝇
20耶和华对摩西说:“你清早起来,法老来到水边,你站在他面前,对他说:‘耶和华这样说:容我的百姓去,好事奉我。Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
21你若不容我的百姓去,我要叫成群的苍蝇到你和你臣仆并你百姓的身上,进你的房屋,并且埃及人的房屋和他们所住的地都要满了成群的苍蝇。But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.
22当那日,我必分别我百姓所住的歌珊地,使那里没有成群的苍蝇,好叫你知道我是天下的耶和华。But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land.
23我要将我的百姓和你的百姓。明天必有这神迹。’”I will make a distinction between My people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.’”
24耶和华就这样行。苍蝇成了大群,进入法老的宫殿,和他臣仆的房屋;埃及遍地就因这成群的苍蝇败坏了。And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.
法老要他们在这地祭祀
25法老召了摩西、亚伦来,说:“你们去,在这地祭祀你们的 神吧!”Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”
26摩西说:“这样行本,因为我们要把祭祀耶和华—我们的 神;若把埃及人所厌恶的在他们眼前献为祭,他们岂不拿石头打死我们吗?But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us?
27我们要往旷野去,走,照着耶和华—我们 神所要吩咐我们的祭祀他。”We must make a three-day journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as He commands us.”
28法老说:“我容你们去,在旷野祭祀耶和华—你们的 神;只是不要走得很远。求你们为我祈祷。”Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”
29摩西说:“我要出去求耶和华,使成群的苍蝇明天离开法老和法老的臣仆并法老的百姓;法老却不可再行,不容百姓去祭祀耶和华。”“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”
30于是摩西离开法老去求耶和华。Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD,
31耶和华就照摩西的话行,叫成群的苍蝇离开法老和他的臣仆并他的百姓,一个也没有留下。and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained.
32这一次法老又硬着心,不容百姓去。But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go.
出埃及记 第 9 章
第五灾:牲畜遭瘟疫
1耶和华吩咐摩西说:“你进去见法老,对他说:‘耶和华—希伯来人的 神这样说:容我的百姓去,好事奉我。Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
2你若不肯容他们去,仍旧强留他们,But if you continue to restrain them and refuse to let them go,
3耶和华的手加在你田间的牲畜上,就是在马、驴、骆驼、牛群、羊群上,必有重重的瘟疫。then the hand of the LORD will bring a severe plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks.
4耶和华要分别以色列的牲畜和埃及的牲畜,凡属以色列人的,一样都不死。’”But the LORD will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”
5耶和华就定了时候,说:“明天耶和华必在此地行这事。”The LORD set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the LORD will do this in the land.”
6第二天,耶和华就行这事。埃及的牲畜几乎都死了,只是以色列人的牲畜,一个都没有死。And the next day the LORD did just that. All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died.
7法老打发人去看,谁知以色列人的牲畜连一个都没有死。法老的心却是固执,不容百姓去。Pharaoh sent officials and found that none of the livestock of the Israelites had died. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the people go.
第六灾:起泡的疮
8耶和华吩咐摩西、亚伦说:“你们取几捧炉灰,摩西要在法老面前向天扬起来。Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from the furnace; in the sight of Pharaoh, Moses is to toss it into the air.
9这灰要在埃及全地变作尘土,在人身上和牲畜身上成了。”It will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and festering boils will break out on man and beast throughout the land.”
10摩西、亚伦取了炉灰,站在法老面前。摩西向天扬起来,就在人身上和牲畜身上成了起泡的疮。So they took soot from the furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on man and beast.
11行法术的在摩西面前站立不住,因为在他们身上和一切埃及人身上都有这疮。The magicians could not stand before Moses, because the boils had broken out on them and on all the Egyptians.
12耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不听他们,正如耶和华对摩西所说的。But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.
第七灾:冰雹的警告
13耶和华对摩西说:“你清早起来,站在法老面前,对他说:‘耶和华—希伯来人的 神这样说:容我的百姓去,好事奉我。Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, stand before Pharaoh, and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
14因为这一次我要叫一切的灾殃临到你和你臣仆并你百姓的身上,叫你知道在普天下没有像我的。Otherwise, I will send all My plagues against you and your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth.
15我若伸手用瘟疫攻击你和你的百姓,你早就从地上除灭了。For by this time I could have stretched out My hand and struck you and your people with a plague to wipe you off the earth.
16其实,我叫你,是特要向你显我的大能,并要使我的名传遍天下。But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power to you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.
17你还向我的百姓自高,不容他们去吗?Still, you lord it over My people and do not allow them to go.
18到明天约在这时候,我必叫重大的冰雹降下,自从埃及开国以来,没有这样的冰雹。Behold, at this time tomorrow I will rain down the worst hail that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded until now.
19现在你要打发人把你的牲畜和你田间一切所有的催进来;凡在田间不收回家的,无论是人是牲畜,冰雹必降在他们身上,他们就必死。’”So give orders now to shelter your livestock and everything you have in the field. Every man or beast that remains in the field and is not brought inside will die when the hail comes down upon them.’”
20法老的臣仆中,惧怕耶和华这话的,便叫他的奴仆和牲畜跑进家来。Those among Pharaoh’s officials who feared the word of the LORD hurried to bring their servants and livestock to shelter,
21但那不把耶和华这话放在心上的,就将他的奴仆和牲畜留在田里。but those who disregarded the word of the LORD left their servants and livestock in the field.
冰雹降在埃及遍地
22耶和华对摩西说:“你向天伸杖,使埃及遍地的人身上和牲畜身上,并田间各样菜蔬上,都有冰雹。”Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that hail may fall on all the land of Egypt—on man and beast and every plant of the field throughout the land of Egypt.”
23摩西向天伸杖,耶和华就打雷下雹,有火闪到地上;耶和华下雹在埃及地上。So Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning struck the earth. So the LORD rained down hail upon the land of Egypt.
24那时,雹与火,甚是厉害,自从埃及成国以来,遍地没有这样的。The hail fell and the lightning continued flashing through it. The hail was so severe that nothing like it had ever been seen in all the land of Egypt from the time it became a nation.
25在埃及遍地,雹击打了田间所有的人和牲畜,并一切的菜蔬,又打坏田间一切的树木。Throughout the land of Egypt, the hail struck down everything in the field, both man and beast; it beat down every plant of the field and stripped every tree.
26惟独以色列人所住的歌珊地没有冰雹。The only place where it did not hail was in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived.
法老认罪又反悔
27法老打发人召摩西、亚伦来,对他们说:“这一次我犯了罪了。耶和华是公义的;我和我的百姓是邪恶的。Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he said. “The LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
28这雷轰和冰雹已经够了。请你们求耶和华,我就容你们去,不再留住你们。”Pray to the LORD, for there has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will let you go; you do not need to stay any longer.”
29摩西对他说:“我一出城,就要向耶和华举手祷告;雷必止住,也不再有冰雹,叫你知道全地都是属耶和华的。Moses said to him, “When I have left the city, I will spread out my hands to the LORD. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth is the LORD’s.
30至于你和你的臣仆,我知道你们还是不惧怕耶和华 神。”But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear the LORD our God.”
31(那时,和大麦被雹击打;因为大麦已经,麻也开了花。(Now the flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley was ripe and the flax was in bloom;
32只是小麦和没有被击打,因为还没有长成。)but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)
33摩西离了法老出城,向耶和华举手祷告;雷和雹就止住,雨也不再浇在地上了。Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, went out of the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. The thunder and hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down on the land.
34法老见雨和雹与雷止住,就越发犯罪;他和他的臣仆都硬着心。When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.
35法老的心刚硬,不容以色列人去,正如耶和华借着摩西所说的。So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses.
出埃及记 第 10 章
第八灾:蝗虫的警告
1耶和华对摩西说:“你进去见法老。我使他和他臣仆的心刚硬,为要在他们中间显我这些神迹,Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them,
2并要叫你将我向埃及人所做的事,和在他们中间所行的神迹,传于你儿子和你孙子的耳中,好叫你们知道我是耶和华。”and that you may tell your children and grandchildren how severely I dealt with the Egyptians when I performed miraculous signs among them, so that all of you may know that I am the LORD.”
3摩西、亚伦就进去见法老,对他说:“耶和华—希伯来人的 神这样说:‘你在我面前不肯自卑要到几时呢?容我的百姓去,好事奉我。So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.
4你若不肯容我的百姓去,明天我要使蝗虫进入你的境内,But if you refuse to let My people go, I will bring locusts into your territory tomorrow.
5遮满地面,甚至看不见地,并且吃那冰雹所剩的和田间所长的一切树木。They will cover the face of the land so that no one can see it. They will devour whatever is left after the hail and eat every tree that grows in your fields.
6你的宫殿和你众臣仆的房屋,并一切埃及人的房屋,都要被蝗虫占满了;自从你祖宗和你祖宗的祖宗在世以来,直到今日,没有见过这样的灾。’”摩西就转身离开法老出去。They will fill your houses and the houses of all your officials and every Egyptian—something neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen since the day they came into this land.’” Then Moses turned and left Pharaoh’s presence.
臣仆劝法老放人
7法老的臣仆对法老说:“这人为我们的要到几时呢?容这些人去事奉耶和华—他们的 神吧!埃及已经败坏了,你还不知道吗?”Pharaoh’s officials asked him, “How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the LORD their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt lies in ruins?”
8于是摩西、亚伦被召回来见法老;法老对他们说:“你们去事奉耶和华—你们的 神;但那要去的是谁呢?”So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship the LORD your God,” he said. “But who exactly will be going?”
9摩西说:“我们要和我们老的少的、儿子女儿同去,且把羊群牛群一同带去,因为我们务要向耶和华守节。”“We will go with our young and old,” Moses replied. “We will go with our sons and daughters, and with our flocks and herds, for we must hold a feast to the LORD.”
10法老对他们说:“我容你们和你们妇人孩子去的时候,耶和华与你们同在吧!你们要谨慎;因为有祸在你们眼前(或译:你们存着恶意),Then Pharaoh told them, “May the LORD be with you if I ever let you go with your little ones. Clearly you are bent on evil.
11不可都去!你们这壮年人去事奉耶和华吧,因为这是你们所求的。”于是把他们从法老面前出去。No, only the men may go and worship the LORD, since that is what you have been requesting.” And Moses and Aaron were driven from Pharaoh’s presence.
蝗虫遮满地面
12耶和华对摩西说:“你向埃及地伸杖,使蝗虫到埃及地上来,吃地上一切的菜蔬,就是冰雹所剩的。”Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt, so that the locusts may swarm over it and devour every plant in the land—everything that the hail has left behind.”
13摩西就向埃及地伸杖,那一昼一夜,耶和华使刮在埃及地上;到了早晨,东风把蝗虫刮了来。So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and throughout that day and night the LORD sent an east wind across the land. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts.
14蝗虫上来,落在埃及的四境,甚是厉害;以前没有这样的,以后也必没有。The locusts swarmed across the land and settled over the entire territory of Egypt. Never before had there been so many locusts, and never again will there be.
15因为这蝗虫遮满地面,甚至地都黑暗了,又吃地上一切的菜蔬和冰雹所剩树上的果子。埃及遍地,无论是树木,是田间的菜蔬,连一点青的也没有留下。They covered the face of all the land until it was black, and they consumed all the plants on the ground and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left behind. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.
法老求饶,蝗虫被刮走
16于是法老急忙召了摩西、亚伦来,说:“我得罪耶和华—你们的 神,又得罪了你们。Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned against the LORD your God and against you.
17现在求你,只这一次,饶恕我的罪,求耶和华—你们的 神使我脱离这一次的死亡。”Now please forgive my sin once more and appeal to the LORD your God, that He may remove this death from me.”
18摩西就离开法老去求耶和华。So Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the LORD.
19耶和华转了极大的西风,把蝗虫刮起,吹入;在埃及的四境连一个也没有留下。And the LORD changed the wind to a very strong west wind that carried off the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust remained anywhere in Egypt.
20但耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不容以色列人去。But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.
第九灾:黑暗
21耶和华对摩西说:“你向天伸杖,使埃及地;这黑暗似乎摸得着。”Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that darkness may spread over the land of Egypt—a palpable darkness.”
22摩西向天伸杖,埃及遍地就乌黑了三天。So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and total darkness covered all the land of Egypt for three days.
23三天之久,人不能相见,谁也不敢起来离开本处;惟有以色列人家中都有亮光。No one could see anyone else, and for three days no one left his place. Yet all the Israelites had light in their dwellings.
法老要牲畜留下
24法老就召摩西来,说:“你们去事奉耶和华;只是你们的羊群牛群要留下;你们的妇人孩子可以和你们同去。”Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go, worship the LORD. Even your little ones may go with you; only your flocks and herds must stay behind.”
25摩西说:“你总要把祭物和燔祭牲交给我们,使我们可以祭祀耶和华—我们的 神。But Moses replied, “You must also provide us with sacrifices and burnt offerings to present to the LORD our God.
26我们的牲畜也要带去,连一蹄也不留下;因为我们要从其中取出来,事奉耶和华—我们的 神。我们未到那里,还不知道用什么事奉耶和华。”Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind, for we will need some of them to worship the LORD our God, and we will not know how we are to worship the LORD until we arrive.”
27但耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不肯容他们去。But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.
不要再见我的面
28法老对摩西说:“你离开我去吧,你要小心,不要再见我的面!因为你见我面的那日你就必死!”“Depart from me!” Pharaoh said to Moses. “Make sure you never see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die.”
29摩西说:“你说得好!我必不再见你的面了。”“As you say,” Moses replied, “I will never see your face again.”
摘要
出埃及记八至十章记载了神降在埃及的多场灾祸——青蛙、虱子、苍蝇、牲畜瘟疫、疮灾、冰雹、蝗虫与黑暗之灾。每次灾祸中,法老在苦难中暂时软化、答应放以色列人离去,灾祸一除去便立刻硬心反悔,形成反复的循环。神在灾祸中刻意分别歌珊地的以色列人不受其害,彰显祂的主权与大能,也借此让法老和全地知道祂是独一的耶和华。
反思问题
- 法老反复在苦难中认罪、灾祸过后又硬心,你在生活中是否也有类似的经历——困境中向神许愿,平顺时却忘记承诺?
- 神在灾祸中分别保护祂的百姓(歌珊地没有苍蝇、冰雹、黑暗),这如何帮助你信靠神在困难中对你的看顾与保守?
- 摩西面对法老一次次的失信仍坚持不妥协(拒绝只在埃及境内献祭、拒绝留下牲畜),你在信仰立场受到压力时,如何持守神的完整要求而不打折扣?
新约马太福音 19:1–15
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():门徒问天国里谁最大,耶稣教导要像小孩子一样谦卑,不可使小子跌倒,并讲迷羊的比喻;又教导弟兄得罪你时怎样处理。彼得问要饶恕几次,耶稣说“七十个七次”,并讲不饶恕人的仆人的比喻。
今天你会读到
耶稣离开加利利,来到约旦河外的犹太境界。法利赛人拿休妻的问题试探祂,耶稣引用创世记,指出神起初造男造女、二人成为一体,摩西准许休妻是因为人心硬;门徒觉得不如不娶,耶稣说到为天国的缘故不娶的人。最后耶稣给小孩子按手祷告。
阅读小提示
法利赛人问的是“可以”怎样(),耶稣却带他们回到“起初”(、),也就是神设立婚姻的本意。门徒拦阻小孩子,耶稣却说“让小孩子到我这里来”()。
点时代可看说明
耶稣从这时离开加利利(),往耶路撒冷走受难前的最后一段路,约在主后 30 年。
马太福音 第 19 章
耶稣来到约旦河外
1耶稣说完了这些话,就离开加利利,来到犹太的境界。When Jesus had finished saying these things, He left Galilee and went into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan.
2有许多人跟着他,他就在那里把他们的病人治好了。Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there.
法利赛人问休妻的事
3有法利赛人来试探耶稣,说:“人无论什么缘故都可以吗?”Then some Pharisees came and tested Him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”
4耶稣回答说:“那起初造人的,是造男造女,Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’
5并且说:‘因此,人要离开父母,与妻子,二人成为。’这经你们没有念过吗?and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’?
6既然如此,夫妻不再是两个人,乃是一体的了。所以, 神的,人不可分开。”So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”
摩西为甚么许人休妻
7法利赛人说:“这样,摩西为什么吩咐给妻子,就可以休她呢?”“Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?”
8耶稣说:“摩西因为你们的,所以许你们休妻,但起初并不是这样。Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart. But it was not this way from the beginning.
9我告诉你们,凡休妻另娶的,若不是为的缘故,就是犯奸淫了;有人娶那被休的妇人,也是犯奸淫了。”Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”
为天国的缘故不娶
10门徒对耶稣说:“人和妻子既是这样,倒不如不娶。”His disciples said to Him, “If this is the case between a man and his wife, it is better not to marry.”
11耶稣说:“这话不是人都能的,惟独赐给谁,谁才能领受。“Not everyone can accept this word,” He replied, “but only those to whom it has been given.
12因为有生来是,也有被人阉的,并有为天国的缘故自阉的。这话谁能领受就可以领受。”For there are eunuchs who were born that way; others were made that way by men; and still others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.”
让小孩子到我这里来
13那时,有人带着小孩子来见耶稣,要耶稣给他们祷告,门徒就那些人。Then little children were brought to Jesus for Him to place His hands on them and pray for them. And the disciples rebuked those who brought them.
14耶稣说:“让小孩子到我这里来,不要禁止他们;因为在天国的,正是这样的人。”But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them! For the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”
15耶稣给他们按手,就离开那地方去了。And after He had placed His hands on them, He went on from there.
摘要
马太福音十九章1至15节记载耶稣论及婚姻与小孩子两件事。法利赛人以休妻问题试探耶稣,耶稣回到创造的原意,指出神所配合的人不可分开,并指出摩西准许休妻是因人心刚硬,非神起初的心意。接着有人带小孩来见耶稣,门徒加以阻止,耶稣却说天国正属于像小孩子这样的人,亲自为他们按手祷告。
反思问题
- 耶稣强调婚姻是神所配合、不可分开的,这对你看待婚姻关系中的委身与责任有什么提醒?
- 耶稣指出摩西允许休妻是因为‘心硬’,你是否意识到自己生活中也有因心硬而偏离神原初美好心意的地方?
- 门徒认为小孩子不重要而阻止他们来到耶稣面前,你是否也曾忽略看似微小或不起眼的人?‘像小孩子一样’进入天国对你意味着什么?