旧约出埃及记 1:1–3:22
书卷介绍:出埃及记律法书
神拯救祂的百姓脱离奴役,与他们立约,并住在他们中间。
以色列人在埃及成了奴隶,神兴起摩西,用十灾和过红海的神迹带领他们离开埃及。神在旷野供应他们吗哪和水,又在西乃山与他们立约,颁布十诫。神吩咐他们建造会幕,好让神可以住在百姓中间。虽然百姓拜金牛犊犯罪,神仍然怜悯他们,会幕建成后,神的荣光充满了会幕。
前情提要
上回说到
昨天读完创世记:雅各临终为十二个儿子说预言,葬在迦南的麦比拉洞;约瑟安慰害怕的哥哥们:“你们的意思是要害我,但 神的意思原是好的”。今天开始读出埃及记,记载神怎样带领以色列人离开埃及。
今天你会读到
以色列人在埃及生养众多,新王用苦工压迫他们,又下令杀男婴。第 2 章摩西出生,被法老的女儿收养;长大后打死埃及人,逃到米甸,娶了西坡拉。第 3 章神在何烈山从烧不毁的荆棘中呼召摩西,启示自己的名,要差他去领百姓出埃及。
阅读小提示
留意 连续四个动词:神“听见”、“记念”、“看顾”、“知道”。在漫长的苦难里,神并没有忘记祂的百姓。
点时代可看说明
传统认为出埃及记是摩西所写;出埃及的年代,传统推算约在主前 1446 年,也有学者认为在主前 13 世纪。
点经节可选取,长按即复制点经节可选取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 复制
出埃及记 第 1 章
雅各的子孙在埃及
1以色列的众子,各带家眷,和雅各一同来到埃及。他们的名字记在下面。These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family:
2有流便、西缅、利未、犹大、Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
3以萨迦、西布伦、便雅悯、Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin;
4但、拿弗他利、迦得、亚设。Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
5凡从雅各而生的,共有七十人。约瑟已经在埃及。The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy in all, including Joseph, who was already in Egypt.
6约瑟和他的弟兄,并那一代的人,都死了。Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,
7以色列人生养众多,并且繁茂,极其强盛,满了那地。but the Israelites were fruitful and increased rapidly; they multiplied and became exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them.
新王苦害以色列人
8有不认识约瑟的新王起来,治理埃及,Then a new king, who did not know Joseph, came to power in Egypt.
9对他的百姓说:“看哪,这以色列民比我们还多,又比我们强盛。“Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become too numerous and too powerful for us.
10来吧,我们不如用巧计待他们,恐怕他们多起来,日后若遇什么争战的事,就连合我们的仇敌攻击我们,离开这地去了。”Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase even more; and if a war breaks out, they may join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.”
11于是埃及人派辖制他们,加重担苦害他们。他们为法老建造两座,就是和兰塞。So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.
12只是越发苦害他们,他们越发多起来,越发蔓延;埃及人就因以色列人愁烦。But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and flourished; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites.
13埃及人严严地使以色列人做工,They worked the Israelites ruthlessly
14使他们因做苦工觉得命苦;无论是和泥,是做砖,是做田间各样的工,在一切的工上都严严地待他们。and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh.
收生婆敬畏神
15有希伯来的两个收生婆,一名,一名普阿;埃及王对她们说:Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah,
16“你们为希伯来妇人收生,看她们的时候,若是男孩,就把他杀了;若是女孩,就留她存活。”“When you help the Hebrew women give birth, observe them on the birthstools. If the child is a son, kill him; but if it is a daughter, let her live.”
17但是收生婆敬畏 神,不照埃及王的吩咐行,竟存留男孩的性命。The midwives, however, feared God and did not do as the king of Egypt had instructed; they let the boys live.
18埃及王召了收生婆来,说:“你们为什么做这事,存留男孩的性命呢?”So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?”
19收生婆对法老说:“因为希伯来妇人与埃及妇人不同;希伯来妇人本是健壮的(原文是活泼的),收生婆还没有到,她们已经生产了。”The midwives answered Pharaoh, “The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before a midwife arrives.”
20神厚待收生婆。以色列人多起来,极其强盛。So God was good to the midwives, and the people multiplied and became even more numerous.
21收生婆因为敬畏 神, 神便叫她们。And because the midwives feared God, He gave them families of their own.
法老下令把男孩丢在河里
22法老吩咐他的众民说:“以色列人所生的男孩,你们都要丢在河里;一切的女孩,你们要存留她的性命。”Then Pharaoh commanded all his people: “Every son born to the Hebrews you must throw into the Nile, but every daughter you may allow to live.”
出埃及记 第 2 章
摩西出生
1有一个利未家的人娶了一个利未女子为妻。Now a man of the house of Levi married a Levite woman,
2那女人怀孕,生一个儿子,见他俊美,就藏了他三个月,and she conceived and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a beautiful child, she hid him for three months.
3后来不能再藏,就取了一个,抹上,将孩子放在里头,把箱子搁在河边的芦荻中。But when she could no longer hide him, she got him a papyrus basket and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in the basket and set it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile.
4孩子的姊姊远远站着,要知道他究竟怎么样。And his sister stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.
法老的女儿收养摩西
5法老的女儿来到河边洗澡,她的使女们在河边行走。她看见箱子在芦荻中,就打发一个婢女拿来。Soon the daughter of Pharaoh went down to bathe in the Nile, and her attendants were walking along the riverbank. And when she saw the basket among the reeds, she sent her maidservant to retrieve it.
6她打开箱子,看见那孩子。孩子哭了,她就可怜他,说:“这是希伯来人的一个孩子。”When she opened it, she saw the child, and behold, the little boy was crying. So she had compassion on him and said, “This is one of the Hebrew children.”
7孩子的姊姊对法老的女儿说:“我去在希伯来妇人中叫一个奶妈来,为你奶这孩子,可以不可以?”Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and call one of the Hebrew women to nurse the child for you?”
8法老的女儿说:“可以。”童女就去叫了孩子的母亲来。“Go ahead,” Pharaoh’s daughter told her. And the girl went and called the boy’s mother.
9法老的女儿对她说:“你把这孩子抱去,为我奶他,我必给你工价。”妇人就抱了孩子去奶他。Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child and nurse him for me, and I will pay your wages.” So the woman took the boy and nursed him.
10孩子渐长,妇人把他带到法老的女儿那里,就作了她的儿子。她给孩子起名叫,意思说:“因我把他从水里拉出来。”When the child had grown older, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses and explained, “I drew him out of the water.”
摩西打死埃及人
11后来,摩西长大,他出去到他弟兄那里,看他们的重担,见一个埃及人打希伯来人的一个弟兄。One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to his own people and observed their hard labor. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people.
12他左右观看,见没有人,就把埃及人打死了,藏在沙土里。After looking this way and that and seeing no one, he struck down the Egyptian and hid his body in the sand.
13第二天他出去,见有两个希伯来人争斗,就对那欺负人的说:“你为什么打你同族的人呢?”The next day Moses went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you attacking your companion?”
14那人说:“谁立你作我们的首领和审判官呢?难道你要杀我,像杀那埃及人吗?”摩西便惧怕,说:“这事必是被人知道了。”But the man replied, “Who made you ruler and judge over us? Are you planning to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and thought, “This thing I have done has surely become known.”
摩西逃到米甸
15法老听见这事,就想杀摩西,但摩西躲避法老,逃往地居住。When Pharaoh heard about this matter, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, where he sat down beside a well.
16一日,他在井旁坐下。米甸的祭司有七个女儿;她们来打水,打满了槽,要饮父亲的群羊。Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came to draw water and fill the troughs to water their father’s flock.
17有牧羊的人来,把她们赶走了,摩西却起来帮助她们,又饮了她们的群羊。And when some shepherds came along and drove them away, Moses rose up to help them and watered their flock.
18她们来到父亲流珥那里;他说:“今日你们为何来得这么快呢?”When the daughters returned to their father Reuel, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”
19她们说:“有一个埃及人救我们脱离牧羊人的手,并且为我们打水饮了群羊。”“An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds,” they replied. “He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”
20他对女儿们说:“那个人在哪里?你们为什么撇下他呢?你们去请他来吃饭。”“So where is he?” their father asked. “Why did you leave the man behind? Invite him to have something to eat.”
21摩西甘心和那人同住;那人把他的女儿西坡拉给摩西为妻。Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage.
22西坡拉生了一个儿子,摩西给他起名叫革舜,意思说:“因我在外邦作了寄居的。”And she gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom, saying, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land.”
神听见以色列人的哀声
23过了多年,埃及王死了。以色列人因做苦工,就叹息哀求,他们的哀声达于 神。After a long time, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned and cried out under their burden of slavery, and their cry for deliverance from bondage ascended to God.
24神听见他们的哀声,就记念他与亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各所立的约。So God heard their groaning, and He remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
25神看顾以色列人,也知道他们的苦情。God saw the Israelites and took notice.
出埃及记 第 3 章
荆棘中的火焰
1摩西牧养他岳父米甸祭司叶忒罗的羊群;一日领羊群往野外去,到了 神的山,就是。Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
2耶和华的使者从里火焰中向摩西显现。摩西观看,不料,荆棘被火烧着,却没有烧毁。There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire from within a bush. Moses saw the bush ablaze with fire, but it was not consumed.
3摩西说:“我要过去看这大异象,这荆棘为何没有烧坏呢?”So Moses thought, “I must go over and see this marvelous sight. Why is the bush not burning up?”
4耶和华 神见他过去要看,就从荆棘里呼叫说:“摩西!摩西!”他说:“我在这里。”When the LORD saw that he had gone over to look, God called out to him from within the bush, “Moses, Moses!” “Here I am,” he answered.
5神说:“不要近前来。当把你脚上的鞋脱下来,因为你所站之地是圣地”;“Do not come any closer,” God said. “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”
6又说:“我是你父亲的 神,是亚伯拉罕的 神,以撒的 神,雅各的 神。”摩西蒙上脸,因为怕看 神。Then He said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” At this, Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.
神要差摩西去见法老
7耶和华说:“我的百姓在埃及所受的困苦,我实在看见了;他们因受督工的辖制所发的哀声,我也听见了。我原知道他们的痛苦,The LORD said, “I have indeed seen the affliction of My people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their oppressors, and I am aware of their sufferings.
8我下来是要救他们脱离埃及人的手,领他们出了那地,到美好、宽阔、之地,就是到迦南人、赫人、亚摩利人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人之地。I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
9现在以色列人的哀声达到我耳中,我也看见埃及人怎样欺压他们。And now the cry of the Israelites has reached Me, and I have seen how severely the Egyptians are oppressing them.
10故此,我要打发你去见法老,使你可以将我的百姓以色列人从埃及领出来。”Therefore, go! I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring My people the Israelites out of Egypt.”
我必与你同在
11摩西对 神说:“我是什么人,竟能去见法老,将以色列人从埃及领出来呢?”But Moses asked God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”
12神说:“我必与你同在。你将百姓从埃及领出来之后,你们必在这山上事奉我;这就是我打发你去的证据。”“I will surely be with you,” God said, “and this will be the sign to you that I have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, all of you will worship God on this mountain.”
神的名
13摩西对 神说:“我到以色列人那里,对他们说:‘你们祖宗的 神打发我到你们这里来。’他们若问我说:‘他叫什么名字?’我要对他们说什么呢?”Then Moses asked God, “Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is His name?’ What should I tell them?”
14神对摩西说:“我是的”;又说:“你要对以色列人这样说:‘那自有的打发我到你们这里来。’”God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
15神又对摩西说:“你要对以色列人这样说:‘—你们祖宗的 神,就是亚伯拉罕的 神,以撒的 神,雅各的 神,打发我到你们这里来。’耶和华是我的名,直到永远;这也是我的纪念,直到万代。God also told Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’ This is My name forever, and this is how I am to be remembered in every generation.
招聚长老,去见法老
16你去招聚以色列的长老,对他们说:‘耶和华—你们祖宗的 神,就是亚伯拉罕的 神,以撒的 神,雅各的 神,向我显现,说:我实在眷顾了你们,我也看见埃及人怎样待你们。Go, assemble the elders of Israel and say to them, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—has appeared to me and said: I have surely attended to you and have seen what has been done to you in Egypt.
17我也说:要将你们从埃及的困苦中领出来,往迦南人、赫人、亚摩利人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人的地去,就是到流奶与蜜之地。’And I have promised to bring you up out of your affliction in Egypt, into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—a land flowing with milk and honey.’
18他们必听你的话。你和以色列的长老要去见埃及王,对他说:‘耶和华—希伯来人的 神遇见了我们,现在求你容我们往旷野去,走三天的路程,为要祭祀耶和华—我们的 神。’The elders of Israel will listen to what you say, and you must go with them to the king of Egypt and tell him, ‘The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us take a three-day journey into the wilderness, so that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.’
19我知道虽用大能的手,埃及王也不容你们去。But I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go unless a mighty hand compels him.
20我必伸手在埃及中间施行我一切的奇事,攻击那地,然后他才容你们去。So I will stretch out My hand and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders I will perform among them. And after that, he will release you.
21我必叫你们在埃及人眼前蒙恩,你们去的时候就不至于空手而去。And I will grant this people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that when you leave, you will not go away empty-handed.
22但各妇女必向她的邻舍,并居住在她家里的女人,要金器银器和衣裳,好给你们的儿女穿戴。这样你们就把埃及人的财物夺去了。”Every woman shall ask her neighbor and any woman staying in her house for silver and gold jewelry and clothing, and you will put them on your sons and daughters. So you will plunder the Egyptians.”
摘要
以色列人在埃及生养众多,新王因惧怕而用苦工和杀婴政策压制他们,但神藉收生婆的敬畏、摩西奇妙的出生与保全,预备了拯救的器皿。摩西因杀人逃往米甸寄居四十年,神在何烈山荆棘火焰中向他显现,启示自己是“自有永有的”,差遣摩西回埃及领百姓出来,并应许同在与拯救。
反思问题
- 当你处在看似无望、被压制的处境中,这段经文如何帮助你相信神仍在掌权并预备拯救?
- 摩西曾靠自己的力量行事(杀埃及人),后来却在旷野被神重新装备。你生命中是否也经历过从“靠自己”到“被神差遣”的转变?
- 神对摩西说“我必与你同在”作为差遣的凭据。面对神呼召你去做感到不配的事时,这个应许如何成为你的力量?
新约马太福音 16:13–27
前情提要
上回说到
昨天():耶稣用七个饼和几条小鱼喂饱四千人。法利赛人和撒都该人要求神迹,耶稣说只有约拿的神迹给他们看;又提醒门徒要防备法利赛人和撒都该人的“酵”,就是他们的教训。
今天你会读到
在凯撒利亚•腓立比,耶稣问门徒“你们说我是谁?”彼得认信祂是基督、永生神的儿子。耶稣称他有福,说要把教会建造在这磐石上。之后耶稣第一次明说自己要受苦、被杀、第三日复活;彼得劝阻,被耶稣责备。耶稣教导跟从祂的人要舍己、背起十字架。
阅读小提示
留意彼得在短短几节内的两极:16:17 被称为“有福的”, 却被责备“你是绊我脚的”——因为他接受耶稣是基督,却不能接受基督要受苦。
点时代可看说明
这是福音书的转折点:从这时起耶稣开始向门徒说明自己将要受死(),约在主后 29 年。
马太福音 第 16 章
人说人子是谁
13耶稣到了的境内,就问门徒说:“人说我—(有古卷没有我字)—人子是谁?”When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, He questioned His disciples: “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”
14他们说:“有人说是施洗的约翰;有人说是;又有人说是耶利米或是先知里的一位。”They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
彼得认耶稣是基督
15耶稣说:“你们说我是谁?”“But what about you?” Jesus asked. “Who do you say I am?”
16西门·彼得回答说:“你是,是永生 神的儿子。”Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
建造教会在磐石上
17耶稣对他说:“,你是有福的!因为这不是指示你的,乃是我在天上的父指示的。Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by My Father in heaven.
18我还告诉你,你是彼得,我要把我的建造在这上;(权柄:原文是门),不能胜过他。And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
19我要把给你,凡你在地上所捆绑的,在天上也要捆绑;凡你在地上所释放的,在天上也要释放。”I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”
不可对人说
20当下,耶稣嘱咐门徒,不可对人说他是基督。Then He admonished the disciples not to tell anyone that He was the Christ.
耶稣预言受死和复活
21从此,耶稣才指示门徒,他必须上耶路撒冷去,受长老、祭司长、文士许多的苦,并且被杀,第三日复活。From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.
彼得劝阻,耶稣责备
22彼得就拉着他,劝他说:“主啊,!这事必不临到你身上。”Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. “Far be it from You, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to You!”
23耶稣转过来,对彼得说:“撒但,退我后边去吧!你是;因为你不 神的意思,只体贴人的意思。”But Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to Me. For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”
舍己,背起十字架
24于是耶稣对门徒说:“若有人要跟从我,就当,背起他的来跟从我。Then Jesus told His disciples, “If anyone wants to come after Me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me.
25因为,凡要救自己生命(生命:或译灵魂;下同)的,必丧掉生命;凡为我丧掉生命的,必得着生命。For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it.
26人若赚得全世界,自己的生命,有什么益处呢?人还能拿什么换生命呢?What will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?
人子要照各人的行为报应
27人子要在他父的荣耀里,同着众使者降临;那时候,他要照各人的行为各人。For the Son of Man will come in His Father’s glory with His angels, and then He will repay each one according to what he has done.
摘要
耶稣在该撒利亚腓立比问门徒“你们说我是谁”,彼得受天父启示宣认耶稣是基督、永生神的儿子,耶稣随即宣告要建立教会。然而当耶稣预言自己将受苦被杀并复活时,彼得却拦阻,被耶稣严厉责备为体贴人意而非神意。耶稣进而教导跟从祂的代价:舍己、背十字架,因为追求保全自己生命的反而失去,为主舍弃的反而得着永恒生命。
反思问题
- 如果耶稣今天问你‘你说我是谁?’,你内心最真实的回答是什么?这个认信如何影响你日常的决定?
- 彼得刚宣认基督身分,随即因体贴人意而成为绊脚石。你是否也曾在信仰高峰之后,因害怕代价而想拦阻神的计划在你生命中成就?
- ‘凡要救自己生命的,必丧掉生命’——在你目前的生活中,有哪些事物是你紧抓不放、却可能需要为跟从基督而放手的?