今日讀經

舊約 利未記 1:1–3:17
新約 馬太福音 26:57–75

第 40 / 365 天 · 約 6 分鐘

舊約利未記 1:1–3:17

書卷介紹:利未記律法書

聖潔的神教導祂的百姓怎樣親近祂,並過聖潔的生活。

利未記記載神在西乃山頒給以色列人的各種條例。書中說明怎樣獻祭、祭司怎樣事奉,以及什麼是潔淨與不潔淨。第 16 章的贖罪日說明罪必須藉著流血才能得到遮蓋。後半部教導百姓在日常生活和節期中活出聖潔,因為神說:「你們要聖潔,因為我是聖潔的」。

前情提要

上回說到

昨天():摩西照神的吩咐立起帳幕,安放法櫃、桌子、燈臺、金壇、燔祭壇和洗濯盆。完工時,雲彩遮蓋會幕,耶和華的榮光充滿帳幕,連摩西都不能進去;以後以色列人就跟著雲彩起行或停留。出埃及記到此結束。

今天你會讀到

利未記開始:神從會幕中呼叫摩西,教導百姓怎樣獻祭。今天讀三種祭:整隻全燒在壇上的燔祭(用牛、羊或鳥),用細麵和油做的素祭(不可有酵,要用鹽調和),以及平安祭(脂油要燒給神,脂油和血都不可吃)。

閱讀小提示

留意利未記的開頭:出埃及記結束時摩西不能進會幕(),利未記一開始,神就「從會幕中呼叫摩西」,教導有罪的人怎樣可以親近祂。

點時代可看說明

傳統認為利未記是摩西所寫,內容是以色列人停留在西奈山下時領受的條例(參 )。

點經節可選取,長按即複製點經節可選取,按 Ctrl+C⌘C 複製

利未記 第 1 章

神從會幕呼叫摩西

1耶和華從會幕中呼叫摩西,對他說:Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying,

2「你曉諭以色列人說:你們中間若有人獻給耶和華,要從牛群羊群中獻牲畜為供物。“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you may bring as your offering an animal from the herd or the flock.

用牛作燔祭

3「他的供物若以牛為,就要在會幕門口獻一隻沒有殘疾的公牛,可以在耶和華面前。If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to present an unblemished male. He must bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for its acceptance before the LORD.

4他要在燔祭牲的頭上,燔祭便蒙悅納,。He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so it can be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him.

5他要在耶和華面前宰公牛;亞倫子孫作祭司的,要奉上血,把血灑在會幕門口、壇的周圍。And he shall slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to present the blood and splatter it on all sides of the altar at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

6那人要剝去燔祭牲的皮,把燔祭牲切成塊子。Next, he is to skin the burnt offering and cut it into pieces.

7祭司亞倫的子孫要把火放在壇上,把柴擺在火上。The sons of Aaron the priest shall put a fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire.

8亞倫子孫作祭司的,要把肉塊和頭並脂油擺在壇上火的柴上。Then Aaron’s sons the priests are to arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat, atop the burning wood on the altar.

9但燔祭的與腿要用水洗。祭司就要把一切全燒在壇上,當作燔祭,獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

用羊作燔祭

10「人的供物若以綿羊或山羊為燔祭,就要獻上沒有殘疾的公羊。If, however, one’s offering is a burnt offering from the flock—from the sheep or goats—he is to present an unblemished male.

11要把羊宰於壇的北邊,在耶和華面前;亞倫子孫作祭司的,要把羊血灑在壇的周圍。He shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to splatter its blood against the altar on all sides.

12要把燔祭牲切成塊子,連頭和脂油,祭司就要擺在壇上火的柴上;He is to cut the animal into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including the head and fat, atop the burning wood that is on the altar.

13但臟腑與腿要用水洗,祭司就要全然奉獻,燒在壇上。這是燔祭,是獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall present all of it and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

用鳥作燔祭

14「人奉給耶和華的供物,若以鳥為燔祭,就要獻斑鳩或是為供物。If, instead, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon.

15祭司要把鳥拿到壇前,揪下頭來,把鳥燒在壇上;鳥的血要流在壇的旁邊;Then the priest shall bring it to the altar, twist off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood should be drained out on the side of the altar.

16又要把鳥的和髒物(髒物:或譯翎毛)除掉,丟在壇的東邊倒灰的地方。And he is to remove the crop with its contents and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes.

17要拿著鳥的兩個翅膀,把鳥撕開,只是不可撕斷;祭司要在壇上、在火的柴上焚燒。這是燔祭,是獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。」He shall tear it open by its wings, without dividing the bird completely. And the priest is to burn it on the altar atop the burning wood. It is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

利未記 第 2 章

細麵的素祭

1「若有人獻為供物給耶和華,要用細麵澆上油,加上乳香,“When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering must consist of fine flour. He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankincense on it,

2帶到亞倫子孫作祭司的那裡;祭司就要從細麵中取出一把來,並取些油和所有的乳香,然後要把所取的這些作為,燒在壇上,是獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the flour and oil, together with all the frankincense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

3素祭所剩的要歸給亞倫和他的子孫;這是獻與耶和華的火祭中為至聖的。The remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the food offerings to the LORD.

烤的、煎的素祭

4「若用爐中烤的物為素祭,就要用調油的無酵細麵餅,或是抹油的無酵薄餅。Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil.

5若用上做的物為素祭,就要用調油的無酵細麵,If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.

6分成塊子,澆上油;這是素祭。Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.

7若用做的物為素祭,就要用油與細麵做成。If your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan, it must consist of fine flour with oil.

8要把這些東西做的素祭帶到耶和華面前,並奉給祭司,帶到壇前。When you bring to the LORD the grain offering made in any of these ways, it is to be presented to the priest, and he shall take it to the altar.

9祭司要從素祭中取出作為紀念的,燒在壇上,是獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。The priest is to remove the memorial portion from the grain offering and burn it on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

10素祭所剩的要歸給亞倫和他的子孫。這是獻與耶和華的火祭中為至聖的。But the remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the food offerings to the LORD.

不可有酵,要用鹽調和

11「凡獻給耶和華的素祭都不可有;因為你們不可燒一點酵、一點蜜當作火祭獻給耶和華。No grain offering that you present to the LORD may be made with leaven, for you are not to burn any leaven or honey as a food offering to the LORD.

12這些物要獻給耶和華作為初熟的供物,只是不可在壇上獻為馨香的祭。You may bring them to the LORD as an offering of firstfruits, but they must not go up on the altar as a pleasing aroma.

13凡獻為素祭的供物都要用鹽調和,在素祭上不可缺了你 神。一切的供物都要配鹽而獻。And you shall season each of your grain offerings with salt. You must not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offering; you are to add salt to each of your offerings.

初熟之物的素祭

14若向耶和華獻初熟之物為素祭,要獻上烘了的禾穗子,就是,當作初熟之物的素祭。If you bring a grain offering of firstfruits to the LORD, you shall offer crushed heads of new grain roasted on the fire.

15並要抹上油,加上乳香;這是素祭。And you are to put oil and frankincense on it; it is a grain offering.

16祭司要把其中作為紀念的,就是一些軋了的禾穗子和一些油,並所有的乳香,都焚燒,是向耶和華獻的火祭。」The priest shall then burn the memorial portion of the crushed grain and the oil, together with all its frankincense, as a food offering to the LORD.

利未記 第 3 章

用牛作平安祭

1「人獻供物為(平安:或譯酬恩;下同),若是從牛群中獻,無論是公的是母的,必用沒有殘疾的獻在耶和華面前。“If one’s offering is a peace offering and he offers an animal from the herd, whether male or female, he must present it without blemish before the LORD.

2他要按手在供物的頭上,宰於會幕門口。亞倫子孫作祭司的,要把血灑在壇的周圍。He is to lay his hand on the head of the offering and slaughter it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons the priests shall splatter the blood on all sides of the altar.

3從平安祭中,將火祭獻給耶和華,也要把蓋臟的脂油和臟上所有的脂油,From the peace offering he is to bring a food offering to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them,

4並兩個和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰兩旁的脂油,與肝上的網子和腰子,一概取下。both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.

5亞倫的子孫要把這些燒在壇的燔祭上,就是在火的柴上,是獻與耶和華為馨香的火祭。Then Aaron’s sons are to burn it on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the burning wood, as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

用羊羔作平安祭

6「人向耶和華獻供物為平安祭,若是從羊群中獻,無論是公的是母的,必用沒有殘疾的。If, however, one’s peace offering to the LORD is from the flock, he must present a male or female without blemish.

7若獻一隻羊羔為供物,必在耶和華面前獻上,If he is presenting a lamb for his offering, he must present it before the LORD.

8並要按手在供物的頭上,宰於會幕前。亞倫的子孫要把血灑在壇的周圍。He is to lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall splatter its blood on all sides of the altar.

9從平安祭中,將火祭獻給耶和華,其中的脂油和整肥尾巴都要在靠近脊骨處取下,並要把蓋臟的脂油和臟上所有的脂油,And from the peace offering he shall bring a food offering to the LORD consisting of its fat: the entire fat tail cut off close to the backbone, the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them,

10兩個腰子和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰兩旁的脂油,並肝上的網子和腰子,一概取下。both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.

11祭司要在壇上焚燒,是獻給耶和華為食物的火祭。Then the priest is to burn them on the altar as food, a food offering to the LORD.

用山羊作平安祭

12「人的供物若是山羊,必在耶和華面前獻上。If one’s offering is a goat, he is to present it before the LORD.

13要按手在山羊頭上,宰於會幕前。亞倫的子孫要把血灑在壇的周圍,He must lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall splatter its blood on all sides of the altar.

14–15又把蓋臟的脂油和臟上所有的脂油,兩個腰子和腰子上的脂油,就是靠腰兩旁的脂油,並肝上的網子和腰子,一概取下,獻給耶和華為火祭。And from his offering he shall present a food offering to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys.

脂油都歸耶和華

16祭司要在壇上焚燒,作為馨香火祭的食物。脂油都是耶和華的。Then the priest is to burn the food on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma. All the fat is the LORD’s.

17在你們一切的住處,脂油和血都不可吃;這要成為你們世世代代永遠的定例。」This is a permanent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live: You must not eat any fat or any blood.”

摘要

利未記第一至三章記載耶和華在會幕中曉諭摩西關於三種主要祭祀的條例:燔祭(第一章)要求獻上沒有殘疾的牲畜,全然燒在壇上,為獻祭者贖罪,成為馨香的火祭;素祭(第二章)以細麵、油和乳香為供物,不可加酵或蜜,但必須用鹽調和,象徵與神立約的關係;平安祭(第三章)可獻公母牛羊,脂油歸耶和華焚燒,並立下脂油和血永遠不可吃的定例。這些獻祭條例顯示神對敬拜有明確的心意與秩序,人必須按照神所定的方式來親近祂。

反思問題

  1. 獻祭要求「沒有殘疾」的牲畜,這提醒你在奉獻(時間、金錢、才能)時,是否把最好的獻給神,還是將剩餘的給祂?
  2. 素祭不可加酵卻必須加鹽,酵代表罪與不潔,鹽代表約的信實——在你與神的關係中,有哪些需要除去的『酵』和需要持守的『鹽』?
  3. 獻祭者要親自按手在祭牲頭上,這個動作象徵認同與委身。你在信仰生活中,是否親身參與並承擔責任,還是只做旁觀者?

新約馬太福音 26:57–75

前情提要

上回說到

昨天():耶穌預言門徒都要跌倒,彼得卻說「我卻永不跌倒」。在客西馬尼,耶穌禱告「不要照我的意思,只要照你的意思」,門徒卻睡著了。猶大帶人來,用親嘴作暗號,耶穌被捕,門徒都逃走了。

今天你會讀到

耶穌被帶到大祭司該亞法那裡,公會找人作假見證控告祂。大祭司要耶穌起誓說明自己是不是神的兒子基督,耶穌承認,並說人子要坐在權能者的右邊;大祭司就說祂說了僭妄的話,眾人吐唾沫、打祂。同時,彼得在院子裡三次不認主,雞叫時想起耶穌的話,出去痛哭。

閱讀小提示

留意 :彼得「出去痛哭」。後來復活的耶穌仍然接納他,並再次託付他()。失敗不是故事的結局。

點時代可看說明

公會是猶太人的最高議會,由大祭司主持;這次審問在夜裡進行。

馬太福音 第 26 章

被帶到大祭司那裡

57拿耶穌的人把他帶到大祭司該亞法那裡去;文士和長老已經在那裡聚會。Those who had arrested Jesus led Him away to the house of Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and elders had gathered.

58彼得遠遠地跟著耶穌,直到大祭司的院子,進到裡面,就和同坐,要看這事到底怎樣。But Peter followed Him at a distance, right up to the courtyard of the high priest. And he went in and sat down with the guards to see the outcome.

公會尋找假見證

59祭司長和全尋找假見證控告耶穌,要治死他。Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus in order to put Him to death.

60雖有好些人來作假見證,總得不著實據。末後有兩個人前來,說:But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward

61「這個人曾說:『我能拆毀 神的殿,三日內又建造起來。』」and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’”

大祭司要耶穌起誓

62大祭司就站起來,對耶穌說:「你甚麼都不回答嗎?這些人作見證告你的是甚麼呢?」So the high priest stood up and asked Him, “Have You no answer? What are these men testifying against You?”

63耶穌卻不言語。大祭司對他說:「我指著永生 神告訴我們,你是 神的兒子基督不是?」But Jesus remained silent. Then the high priest said to Him, “I charge You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God.”

64耶穌對他說:「你說的是。然而,我告訴你們,後來你們要看見人子坐在,駕著天上的雲降臨。」“You have said it yourself,” Jesus answered. “But I say to all of you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”

定為說僭妄的話

65大祭司就,說:「他說了的話,我們何必再用見證人呢?這僭妄的話,現在你們都聽見了。At this, the high priest tore his clothes and declared, “He has blasphemed! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy.

66你們的意見如何?」他們回答說:「他是。」What do you think?” “He deserves to die,” they answered.

67他們就在他臉上,用拳頭打他;也有用手掌打他的,說:Then they spit in His face and struck Him. Others slapped Him

68「基督啊!你是先知,告訴我們打你的是誰?」and said, “Prophesy to us, Christ! Who hit You?”

彼得三次不認主

69彼得在外面院子裡坐著,有一個前來,說:「你素來也是同那加利利人耶穌一夥的。」Meanwhile, Peter was sitting out in the courtyard, and a servant girl came up to him. “You also were with Jesus the Galilean,” she said.

70彼得在眾人面前卻不承認,說:「我不知道你說的是甚麼!」But he denied it before them all: “I do not know what you are talking about.”

71既出去,到了門口,又有一個使女看見他,就對那裡的人說:「這個人也是同拿撒勒人耶穌一夥的。」When Peter had gone out to the gateway, another servant girl saw him and said to the people there, “This man was with Jesus of Nazareth.”

72彼得又不承認,並且起誓說:「我不認得那個人。」And again he denied it with an oath: “I do not know the man!”

73過了不多的時候,旁邊站著的人前來,對彼得說:「你真是他們,你的把你露出來了。」After a little while, those standing nearby came up to Peter. “Surely you are one of them,” they said, “for your accent gives you away.”

雞叫了,彼得痛哭

74彼得就地說:「我不認得那個人。」立時,雞就叫了。At that he began to curse and swear to them, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.

75彼得想起耶穌所說的話:「雞叫以先,你要三次不認我。」他就出去。Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken: “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.

摘要

耶穌被捕後被帶到大祭司該亞法面前受審,祭司長和公會蓄意尋找假見證要定祂死罪。面對誣告,耶穌沉默不語,直到大祭司指著永生神要祂起誓,耶穌才宣告自己是基督、是神的兒子,並預言眾人將看見人子坐在權能者右邊駕雲降臨,公會隨即判祂該死並凌辱祂。與此同時,先前誓言至死不渝的彼得在院子裡三次否認認識耶穌,雞叫之後想起主的預言,出去痛哭悔恨。

反思問題

  1. 耶穌在受審時選擇沉默,卻在關乎身分的關鍵時刻勇敢宣告真理——你在面對壓力或誤解時,是否能分辨何時沉默、何時為真理發聲?
  2. 彼得深愛耶穌卻在壓力下三次不認主,這顯示人靠自己的意志力有其極限。你曾在哪些處境中,因恐懼而在信仰上妥協?如何靠神的力量勝過軟弱?
  3. 彼得否認主後痛哭,顯出真實的悔改之心。當你意識到自己跌倒或犯錯時,你是選擇逃避、自我辯護,還是帶著破碎的心轉向神?