舊約路得記 1:1–2:23
書卷介紹:路得記歷史書
神在平凡人的忠誠與恩慈中,默默成就祂的計劃。
在士師的混亂時代,拿俄米一家因饑荒搬到摩押,丈夫和兩個兒子都死了。摩押媳婦路得不肯離開婆婆,跟著她回到伯利恆,並信靠以色列的神。路得在波阿斯的田裡拾麥穗,波阿斯以「至近的親屬」身分娶了她,贖回家族的產業。他們的曾孫就是大衛王,後來耶穌也從這個家族出生。
前情提要
上回說到
昨天(士 20–21 章):以色列各支派攻打便雅憫,便雅憫幾乎滅族;後來為了替倖存的便雅憫人找妻子,又屠滅基列‧雅比,並讓他們在示羅搶女子。士師記以這句話結束:「那時,以色列中沒有王,各人任意而行。」
今天你會讀到
路得記的故事也發生在士師時代,卻是溫暖的對比。伯利恆人以利米勒因饑荒帶家人到摩押,他和兩個兒子都死在那裡;拿俄米決定回鄉,摩押媳婦路得堅持跟隨她和她的神。回到伯利恆後,路得到田間拾麥穗,恰巧來到以利米勒的親族波阿斯的田裡,受到他的恩待。
閱讀小提示
留意 路得對拿俄米說的話:「你的國就是我的國,你的 神就是我的 神」:一個外邦女子主動投靠以色列的神。
點時代可看說明
路得記的事發生在「士師秉政的時候」(),書末的家譜連到大衛王();作者是誰,聖經沒有記載。
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路得記 第 1 章
以利米勒一家往摩押
1當士師秉政的時候,國中遭遇饑荒。在猶大的,有一個人帶著妻子和兩個兒子往地去寄居。In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land. And a certain man from Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the land of Moab.
2這人名叫以利米勒,他的妻名叫拿俄米;他兩個兒子,一個名叫瑪倫,一個名叫基連,都是猶大伯利恆的人。他們到了摩押地,就住在那裡。The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion. They were Ephrathites from Bethlehem in Judah, and they entered the land of Moab and settled there.
3後來拿俄米的丈夫以利米勒死了,剩下婦人和她兩個兒子。Then Naomi’s husband Elimelech died, and she was left with her two sons,
4這兩個兒子娶了摩押女子為妻,一個名叫俄珥巴,一個名叫路得,在那裡住了約有十年。who took Moabite women as their wives, one named Orpah and the other named Ruth. And after they had lived in Moab about ten years,
5瑪倫和基連二人也死了,剩下拿俄米,沒有丈夫,也沒有兒子。both Mahlon and Chilion also died, and Naomi was left without her two sons and without her husband.
拿俄米決定歸回
6她就與兩個兒婦起身,要從摩押地歸回;因為她在摩押地聽見耶和華自己的百姓,賜糧食與他們。When Naomi heard in Moab that the LORD had attended to His people by providing them with food, she and her daughters-in-law prepared to leave the land of Moab.
7於是她和兩個兒婦起行離開所住的地方,要回猶大地去。Accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road leading back to the land of Judah.
勸兩個兒婦回娘家
8拿俄米對兩個兒婦說:「你們各人回娘家去吧。願耶和華你們,像你們恩待已死的人與我一樣!Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you to your mother’s home. May the LORD show you loving devotion, as you have shown to your dead and to me.
9願耶和華使你們各在新夫家中得平安!」於是拿俄米與她們親嘴。她們就放聲而哭,May the LORD enable each of you to find rest in the home of your new husband.” And she kissed them as they wept aloud
10說:「不然,我們必與你一同回你本國去。」and said, “Surely we will return with you to your people.”
11拿俄米說:「我女兒們哪,回去吧!為何要跟我去呢?我還能生子作你們的丈夫嗎?But Naomi replied, “Return home, my daughters. Why would you go with me? Are there still sons in my womb to become your husbands?
12我女兒們哪,回去吧!我年紀老邁,不能再有丈夫;即或說,我還有指望,今夜有丈夫可以生子,Return home, my daughters. Go on, for I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was hope for me to have a husband tonight and to bear sons,
13你們豈能等著他們長大呢?你們豈能等著他們不嫁別人呢?我女兒們哪,不要這樣。我為你們的緣故甚是愁苦,因為耶和華我。」would you wait for them to grow up? Would you refrain from having husbands? No, my daughters, it is much more bitter for me than for you, because the hand of the LORD has gone out against me.”
14兩個兒婦又放聲而哭,俄珥巴與婆婆親嘴而別,只是路得拿俄米。Again they wept aloud, and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye, but Ruth clung to her.
15拿俄米說:「看哪,你嫂子已經回她本國和她所拜的神那裡去了,你也跟著你嫂子回去吧!」“Look,” said Naomi, “your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and her gods; follow her back home.”
路得堅持跟隨
16路得說:「不要催我回去不跟隨你。你往哪裡去,我也往那裡去;你在哪裡住宿,我也在那裡住宿;你的國就是我的國,你的 神就是我的 神。But Ruth replied: “Do not urge me to leave you or to turn from following you. For wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you live, I will live; your people will be my people, and your God will be my God.
17你在哪裡死,我也在那裡死,也葬在那裡。除非死能使你我相離!不然,願耶和華重重地降罰與我。」Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.”
18拿俄米見路得定意要跟隨自己去,就不再勸她了。When Naomi saw that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped trying to persuade her.
回到伯利恆:不要叫我拿俄米
19於是二人同行,來到伯利恆。她們到了伯利恆,合城的人就都驚訝。婦女們說:「這是拿俄米嗎?」So Naomi and Ruth traveled until they came to Bethlehem. When they entered Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred because of them, and the women of the town exclaimed, “Can this be Naomi?”
20拿俄米對他們說:「不要叫我拿俄米(就是甜的意思),要叫我(就是苦的意思),因為使我受了大苦。“Do not call me Naomi,” she replied. “Call me Mara, because the Almighty has dealt quite bitterly with me.
21我滿滿地出去,耶和華使我空空地回來。耶和華降禍與我;全能者使我受苦。既是這樣,你們為何還叫我拿俄米呢?」I went away full, but the LORD has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi? After all, the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me.”
22拿俄米和她兒婦摩押女子路得,從摩押地回來到伯利恆,正是動手的時候。So Naomi returned from the land of Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess. And they arrived in Bethlehem at the beginning of the barley harvest.
路得記 第 2 章
路得到波阿斯的田裡拾麥穗
1拿俄米的丈夫以利米勒的親族中,有一個人名叫,是個大財主。Now Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side, a prominent man of noble character from the clan of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz.
2摩押女子路得對拿俄米說:「容我往田間去,我蒙誰的恩,就在誰的身後。」拿俄米說:「女兒啊,你只管去。」And Ruth the Moabitess said to Naomi, “Please let me go into the fields and glean heads of grain after someone in whose sight I may find favor.” “Go ahead, my daughter,” Naomi replied.
3路得就去了,來到田間,在收割的人身後拾取麥穗。她到了以利米勒本族的人波阿斯那塊田裡。So Ruth departed and went out into the field and gleaned after the harvesters. And she happened to come to the part of the field belonging to Boaz, who was from the clan of Elimelech.
4波阿斯正從伯利恆來,對收割的人說:「願耶和華與你們同在!」他們回答說:「願耶和華賜福與你!」Just then Boaz arrived from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters, “The LORD be with you.” “The LORD bless you,” they replied.
5波阿斯問監管收割的僕人說:「那是誰家的女子?」And Boaz asked the foreman of his harvesters, “Whose young woman is this?”
6監管收割的僕人回答說:「是那摩押女子,跟隨拿俄米從摩押地回來的。The foreman answered, “She is the Moabitess who returned with Naomi from the land of Moab.
7她說:『請你容我跟著收割的人拾取打捆剩下的麥穗。』她從早晨直到如今,除了在屋子裡坐一會兒,常在這裡。」She has said, ‘Please let me glean and gather among the sheaves after the harvesters.’ So she came out and has continued from morning until now, except that she rested a short time in the shelter.”
波阿斯恩待路得
8波阿斯對路得說:「女兒啊,聽我說,不要往別人田裡拾取麥穗,也不要離開這裡,要常與我使女們在一處。Then Boaz said to Ruth, “Listen, my daughter. Do not go and glean in another field, and do not go away from this place, but stay here close to my servant girls.
9我的僕人在那塊田收割,你就跟著他們去。我已經吩咐僕人不可欺負你;你若渴了,就可以到器皿那裡喝僕人打來的水。」Let your eyes be on the field they are harvesting, and follow along after these girls. Indeed, I have ordered the young men not to touch you. And when you are thirsty, go and drink from the jars the young men have filled.”
10路得就俯伏在地叩拜,對他說:「我既是外邦人,怎麼蒙你的恩,這樣顧恤我呢?」At this, she fell on her face, bowing low to the ground, and said to him, “Why have I found such favor in your eyes that you should take notice of me, even though I am a foreigner?”
11波阿斯回答說:「自從你丈夫死後,凡你向婆婆所行的,並你離開父母和本地,到素不認識的民中,這些事人全都告訴我了。Boaz replied, “I have been made fully aware of all you have done for your mother-in-law since the death of your husband, how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth, and how you came to a people you did not know before.
12願耶和華照你所行的賞賜你。你來投靠耶和華─以色列 神的翅膀下,願你滿得他的賞賜。」May the LORD repay your work, and may you receive a rich reward from the LORD, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have taken refuge.”
13路得說:「我主啊,願在你眼前蒙恩。我雖然不及你的一個使女,你還用慈愛的話安慰我的心。」“My lord,” she said, “may I continue to find favor in your eyes, for you have comforted and spoken kindly to your maidservant, though I am not like one of your servant girls.”
14到了吃飯的時候,波阿斯對路得說:「你到這裡來吃餅,將餅蘸在裡。」路得就在收割的人旁邊坐下;他們把烘了的穗子遞給她。她吃飽了,還有餘剩的。At mealtime Boaz said to her, “Come over here; have some bread and dip it into the vinegar sauce.” So she sat down beside the harvesters, and he offered her roasted grain, and she ate and was satisfied and had some left over.
15她起來又拾取麥穗,波阿斯吩咐僕人說:「她就是在捆中拾取麥穗,也可以容她,不可羞辱她;When Ruth got up to glean, Boaz ordered his young men, “Even if she gathers among the sheaves, do not insult her.
16並要從捆裡抽出些來,留在地下任她拾取,不可她。」Rather, pull out for her some stalks from the bundles and leave them for her to gather. Do not rebuke her.”
拿俄米得知恩人是波阿斯
17這樣,路得在田間拾取麥穗,直到晚上,將所拾取的打了,約有一大麥。So Ruth gathered grain in the field until evening. And when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
18她就把所拾取的帶進城去給婆婆看,又把她吃飽了所剩的給了婆婆。She picked up the grain and went into the town, where her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned. And she brought out what she had saved from her meal and gave it to Naomi.
19婆婆問她說:「你今日在哪裡拾取麥穗,在哪裡做工呢?願那顧恤你的得福。」路得就告訴婆婆說:「我今日在一個名叫波阿斯的人那裡做工。」Then her mother-in-law asked her, “Where did you glean today, and where did you work? Blessed be the man who noticed you.” So she told her mother-in-law where she had worked. “The name of the man I worked with today is Boaz,” she said.
20拿俄米對兒婦說:「願那人蒙耶和華賜福,因為他不斷地恩待活人死人。」拿俄米又說:「那是我們本族的人,是一個。」Then Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, “May he be blessed by the LORD, who has not withdrawn His kindness from the living or the dead.” Naomi continued, “The man is a close relative. He is one of our kinsman-redeemers.”
21摩押女子路得說:「他對我說:『你要緊隨我的僕人拾取麥穗,直等他們收完了我的莊稼。』」Then Ruth the Moabitess said, “He also told me, ‘Stay with my young men until they have finished gathering all my harvest.’”
22拿俄米對兒婦路得說:「女兒啊,你跟著他的使女出去,不叫人遇見你在別人田間,這才為好。」And Naomi said to her daughter-in-law Ruth, “My daughter, it is good for you to work with his young women, so that nothing will happen to you in another field.”
23於是路得與波阿斯的使女常在一處拾取麥穗,直到收完了大麥和小麥。路得仍與婆婆同住。So Ruth stayed close to the servant girls of Boaz to glean grain until the barley and wheat harvests were finished. And she lived with her mother-in-law.
摘要
路得記前兩章記述拿俄米因饑荒舉家遷往摩押,丈夫與兩個兒子相繼去世後,決定返回伯利恆。媳婦路得以堅定的信心與忠誠選擇跟隨婆婆,立誓歸入以色列的神。回到伯利恆後,路得主動到田間拾取麥穗維生,恰巧進入至近親屬波阿斯的田地,波阿斯因聽聞路得對婆婆的忠心而格外恩待她、保護她,使她得以豐足供應拿俄米。
反思問題
- 路得在困境中選擇跟隨拿俄米與她的神,你在人生低谷中是否也曾做過類似的信心抉擇?那次經歷如何塑造了你的信仰?
- 波阿斯主動關懷、保護一位外邦寡婦,你在日常生活中如何效法這種超越界限的慷慨與憐憫?
- 拿俄米說自己『滿滿地出去,空空地回來』,但神已暗中預備波阿斯的恩待。當你感到一無所有時,是否能辨認出神隱藏的供應與引導?
新約路加福音 15:1–32
前情提要
上回說到
昨天():耶穌講大筵席的比喻:受邀的人都推辭,主人改請窮人和殘疾的人;又對跟隨的群眾說,作門徒要愛祂勝過一切、背起自己的十字架,像蓋樓、打仗一樣先計算代價。
今天你會讀到
稅吏和罪人都挨近耶穌,法利賽人和文士私下議論祂接待罪人。耶穌連講三個比喻:牧人找回失去的羊、婦人找回失落的錢、父親迎回浪子,每個故事都以歡喜作結。最後,大兒子生氣不肯進去,父親出來勸他。
閱讀小提示
留意這三個比喻是對誰說的():是對議論耶穌接待罪人的法利賽人和文士。故事沒有說大兒子最後有沒有進去,問題留給聽的人回答。
點時代可看說明
按律法,長子可得雙份產業();小兒子在父親在世時就要求分家業,在當時是極不尊重父親的舉動。
路加福音 第 15 章
稅吏和罪人挨近耶穌
1眾和罪人都挨近耶穌,要聽他講道。Now all the tax collectors and sinners were gathering around to listen to Jesus.
2法利賽人和文士說:「這個人接待罪人,又同他們吃飯。」So the Pharisees and scribes began to grumble: “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.”
失羊的比喻
3耶穌就用比喻說:Then Jesus told them this parable:
4「你們中間誰有一百隻羊失去一隻,不把這九十九隻撇在曠野、去找那失去的羊,直到找著呢?“What man among you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the pasture and go after the one that is lost, until he finds it?
5找著了,就歡歡喜喜地扛在肩上,回到家裡,And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders,
6就請朋友鄰舍來,對他們說:『我失去的羊已經找著了,你們和我一同歡喜吧!』comes home, and calls together his friends and neighbors to tell them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost sheep!’
7我告訴你們,一個罪人悔改,在天上也要這樣為他歡喜,較比為九十九個不用悔改的義人歡喜更大。」I tell you that in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous ones who do not need to repent.
失錢的比喻
8「或是一個婦人有,若失落一塊,豈不點上燈,打掃屋子,細細地找,直到找著嗎?Or what woman who has ten silver coins and loses one of them does not light a lamp, sweep her house, and search carefully until she finds it?
9找著了,就請朋友鄰舍來,對他們說:『我失落的那塊錢已經找著了,你們和我一同歡喜吧!』And when she finds it, she calls together her friends and neighbors to say, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost coin.’
10我告訴你們,一個罪人悔改,在 神的使者面前也是這樣為他歡喜。」In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of God’s angels over one sinner who repents.”
浪子的比喻
11耶穌又說:「一個人有兩個兒子。Then Jesus said, “There was a man who had two sons.
12小兒子對父親說:『父親,請你把我應得的家業分給我。』他父親就把產業分給他們。The younger son said to him, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them.
13過了不多幾日,小兒子就把他一切所有的都收拾起來,往遠方去了。在那裡,浪費資財。After a few days, the younger son got everything together and journeyed to a distant country, where he squandered his wealth in wild living.
14既了一切所有的,又遇著那地方大遭饑荒,就窮苦起來。After he had spent all he had, a severe famine swept through that country, and he began to be in need.
15於是去投靠那地方的一個人;那人打發他到田裡去。So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed the pigs.
16他恨不得拿豬所吃的充飢,也沒有人給他。He longed to fill his belly with the pods the pigs were eating, but no one would give him a thing.
浪子醒悟回家
17他,就說:『我父親有多少的雇工,口糧有餘,我倒在這裡餓死嗎?Finally he came to his senses and said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have plenty of food, but here I am, starving to death!
18我要起來,到我父親那裡去,向他說:父親!我得罪了天,又得罪了你;I will get up and go back to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.
19從今以後,我不配稱為你的兒子,把我當作一個雇工吧!』I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.”’
20於是起來,往他父親那裡去。相離還遠,他父親看見,就,跑去抱著他的頸項,。So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still in the distance, his father saw him and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him, and kissed him.
21兒子說:『父親!我得罪了天,又得罪了你;從今以後,我不配稱為你的兒子。』The son declared, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
22父親卻吩咐僕人說:『把那上好的袍子快拿出來給他穿;把戴在他指頭上;把鞋穿在他腳上;But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.
23把那牽來宰了,我們可以吃喝快樂;Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate.
24因為我這個兒子是死而復活,失而又得的。』他們就快樂起來。For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
大兒子生氣
25那時,大兒子正在田裡。他回來,離家不遠,聽見作樂跳舞的聲音,Meanwhile the older son was in the field, and as he approached the house, he heard music and dancing.
26便叫過一個僕人來,問是甚麼事。So he called one of the servants and asked what was going on.
27僕人說:『你兄弟來了;你父親因為得他無災無病地回來,把肥牛犢宰了。』‘Your brother has returned,’ he said, ‘and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has him back safe and sound.’
28大兒子卻生氣,不肯進去;他父親就出來勸他。The older son became angry and refused to go in. So his father came out and pleaded with him.
29他對父親說:『我服事你這多年,從來沒有違背過你的命,你並沒有給我一隻山羊羔,叫我和朋友一同快樂。But he answered his father, ‘Look, all these years I have served you and never disobeyed a commandment of yours. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends.
30但你這個兒子和吞盡了你的產業,他一來了,你倒為他宰了肥牛犢。』But when this son of yours returns from squandering your wealth with prostitutes, you kill the fattened calf for him!’
31父親對他說:『!你常和我同在,我一切所有的都是你的;‘Son, you are always with me,’ the father said, ‘and all that is mine is yours.
32只是你這個兄弟是死而復活、失而又得的,所以我們理當歡喜快樂。』」But it was fitting to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’”
摘要
路加福音第十五章記載耶穌面對法利賽人的批評,以三個比喻回應:失羊、失錢與浪子的比喻。這三個比喻層層遞進地表達神對失喪之人的主動尋找與無條件接納,以及罪人悔改時天上的極大歡喜。浪子比喻中更藉大兒子的反應,揭露自義者對神恩典的抗拒,父親的回應則彰顯神的愛既接納浪子回頭,也耐心挽回自以為義的人。
反思問題
- 浪子『醒悟過來』是轉變的關鍵時刻,你生命中是否有過類似的『醒悟』經歷?是什麼促使你轉向神?
- 大兒子雖長年服事父親卻心懷怨恨,你是否曾在服事或信仰生活中產生類似的比較心態?如何從父親的回應中得到提醒?
- 三個比喻都以『歡喜快樂』作結,這對你理解神看待罪人悔改的心意有什麼啟發?這如何影響你對待身邊迷失之人的態度?